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Describe the two main types of cells.

The two main types of cells are eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells, and their DNA is contained in a nucleus.

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"Describe the two main types of cells."	"The two main types of cells are eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells, and their DNA is contained in a nucleus."
"How are organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, and cells related?"	"Organisms are made up of organ systems, which contain a range of organs working together to perform a function. Organs are made up of a range of tissues working together to perform a function, and specialized cells of a similar structure and functions are organized into tissues."
"Define the structure of a cell-surface membrane."	"A cell-surface membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol embedded within it. It also contains glycolipids and glycoproteins in the surface."
"What is the function of the cell-surface membrane?"	"The fluid-mosaic model of the membrane refers to the fluidity and range of molecules in the membrane. Cholesterol provides strength and reduces fluidity, proteins are for transport and the glycoproteins and glycolipids are for cell recognition and act as receptors."
"What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?"	"Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells, their DNA is contained in a nucleus, and they contain a range of organelles."
"Describe the structure and function of the nucleus in a cell."	"The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope with nuclear pores. It contains chromosomes, consisting of protein-bound, linear DNA, and one or more nucleolus. The nucleus is the site of DNA replication and transcription."
"What is the role of the nucleolus in a cell?"	"The nucleolus is the site of rRNA product and makes ribosomes."
"Define the structure and function of mitochondria."	"Mitochondria is a double membrane organelle. The inner membrane is folded to form cristae. It contains a fluid center called the matrix. Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production."
"Describe the structure and function of chloroplasts."	"Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane. They contain thylakoids, which are folded membranes containing chlorophyll pigments. They also contain a fluid center, the stroma. Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis. The stroma contains enzymes for the light-independent stage of photosynthesis."
"What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles?"	"The Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of membranes creating flattened sacs called cisternae, surrounded by small round hollow vesicles. Proteins and lipids are modified here. Carbohydrates can be added to proteins to form glycoproteins. Finished products are transported in the Golgi vesicles."

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Describe the two main types of cells.

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The two main types of cells are eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells, and their DNA is contained in a nucleus.

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Organs are made up of a range of tissues working together to perform a function, and specialized cells of a similar structure and functions are organized into tissues.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Organisms are the highest level of organization and are composed of organ systems. Organ systems are made up of organs, which are groups of tissues working together. Tissues are formed by specialized cells with similar structures and functions. Cells are the basic building blocks of life and are organized into tissues. This hierarchical organization allows for the coordination and integration of different levels of complexity within an organism.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"pwUyd","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350974,"front":"Define the structure of a cell-surface membrane.","back":"A cell-surface membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol embedded within it. It also contains glycolipids and glycoproteins in the surface.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The structure of a cell-surface membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer, which is made up of two layers of phospholipid molecules. Proteins and cholesterol are embedded within this bilayer, providing structural support and facilitating various cellular functions. Additionally, the surface of the membrane contains glycolipids and glycoproteins, which play roles in cell recognition and communication. This complex arrangement of molecules allows the cell-surface membrane to regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell, maintain cell integrity, and participate in cell signaling processes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"pwUyd","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350975,"front":"What is the function of the cell-surface membrane?","back":"The fluid-mosaic model of the membrane refers to the fluidity and range of molecules in the membrane. Cholesterol provides strength and reduces fluidity, proteins are for transport and the glycoproteins and glycolipids are for cell recognition and act as receptors.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The cell-surface membrane has multiple functions. It is composed of a fluid-mosaic model, which means it is fluid and allows molecules to move within it. Cholesterol in the membrane provides strength and reduces fluidity. Proteins in the membrane are responsible for transport of molecules. Additionally, glycoproteins and glycolipids in the membrane play a role in cell recognition and act as receptors for various molecules. Overall, the cell-surface membrane is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the cell and facilitating communication with the external environment.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"pwUyd","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350976,"front":"What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?","back":"Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells, their DNA is contained in a nucleus, and they contain a range of organelles.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells due to their complex internal structures. The presence of a nucleus separates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, as it houses the DNA. Eukaryotic cells also possess various organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, which perform specific functions within the cell. These characteristics contribute to the higher level of complexity and specialization observed in eukaryotic organisms.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"pwUyd","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350977,"front":"Describe the structure and function of the nucleus in a cell.","back":"The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane nuclear envelope with nuclear pores. It contains chromosomes, consisting of protein-bound, linear DNA, and one or more nucleolus. The nucleus is the site of DNA replication and transcription.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The nucleus is a vital organelle in a cell. It is enclosed by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which has nuclear pores that allow for the exchange of molecules. Inside the nucleus, there are chromosomes made up of DNA and proteins. Additionally, there may be one or more nucleoli, which are involved in the production of ribosomes. The nucleus plays a crucial role in DNA replication and transcription, which are essential processes for the cell's functioning.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"pwUyd","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350978,"front":"What is the role of the nucleolus in a cell?","back":"The nucleolus is the site of rRNA product and makes ribosomes.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The nucleolus plays a crucial role in ribosome production within the cell. It is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembling ribosomal subunits. These subunits are then exported to the cytoplasm where they combine to form functional ribosomes involved in protein synthesis.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"pwUyd","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350979,"front":"Define the structure and function of mitochondria.","back":"Mitochondria is a double membrane organelle. The inner membrane is folded to form cristae. It contains a fluid center called the matrix. Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Mitochondria are double membrane organelles with an inner membrane that is folded into structures called cristae. The fluid center of the mitochondria is known as the matrix. These organelles are responsible for aerobic respiration, which is the process of converting glucose into ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The folding of the inner membrane increases the surface area available for chemical reactions, allowing for efficient ATP production.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"pwUyd","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350980,"front":"Describe the structure and function of chloroplasts.","back":"Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane. They contain thylakoids, which are folded membranes containing chlorophyll pigments. They also contain a fluid center, the stroma. Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis. The stroma contains enzymes for the light-independent stage of photosynthesis.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Chloroplasts are organelles surrounded by a double membrane. They have thylakoids, which are folded membranes that contain chlorophyll pigments. These pigments are responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis. Chloroplasts also have a fluid center called the stroma, which contains enzymes for the light-independent stage of photosynthesis. Overall, chloroplasts play a crucial role in converting light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"pwUyd","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350981,"front":"What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles?","back":"The Golgi apparatus consists of stacks of membranes creating flattened sacs called cisternae, surrounded by small round hollow vesicles. Proteins and lipids are modified here. Carbohydrates can be added to proteins to form glycoproteins. Finished products are transported in the Golgi vesicles.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened sacs called cisternae and small round vesicles. It plays a crucial role in modifying proteins and lipids. One important function is the addition of carbohydrates to proteins, resulting in the formation of glycoproteins. The Golgi vesicles are responsible for transporting the finished products to their final destinations within the cell or for secretion outside the cell.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"pwUyd","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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