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Describe the role of haemoglobin and red blood cells.

The role of haemoglobin and red blood cells is to transport oxygen.

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"Describe the role of haemoglobin and red blood cells."	"The role of haemoglobin and red blood cells is to transport oxygen."
"Define the term 'oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve'."	"An oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve is a graph that shows how the loading, transport, and unloading of oxygen varies in different conditions and for the different forms of haemoglobin."
"How does the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen change depending on the number of oxygen molecules associated with it?"	"The affinity haemoglobin has for oxygen changes depending on how many oxygen molecules are already associated with it. As each molecule binds, the shape of haemoglobin changes, making the binding of further oxygen molecules easier."
"Do the conditions affect the loading of oxygen by haemoglobin?"	"Yes, in areas with a high partial pressure of oxygen, meaning a high concentration, the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen is high, and it loads more oxygen."
"Describe the role of alveoli in oxygen transport in humans."	"The alveoli in humans have a high partial pressure of oxygen, which allows haemoglobin to readily load with oxygen. This oxygen is then transported to different parts of the body."
"Define the Bohr effect."	"The Bohr effect refers to the phenomenon where a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide results in a reduced affinity for oxygen, causing haemoglobin to more readily unload oxygen. This is due to the formation of carbonic acid when carbon dioxide dissolves, which decreases pH and changes the shape of haemoglobin."
"How does the partial pressure of carbon dioxide affect oxygen transport in respiring tissues?"	"In respiring tissues, a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide causes oxygen to dissociate from the haemoglobin. This is beneficial as it allows the haemoglobin to deliver oxygen to the site of respiring cells, enabling aerobic respiration to continue."
"Explain how different animals adapt to their environment in terms of oxygen transport."	"Many animals adapt to their environment by possessing different types of haemoglobin with different oxygen transport properties. For example, lugworms, whales, and even human foetuses have myoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen more strongly than adult haemoglobin."
"Describe the role of myoglobin in oxygen storage."	"Myoglobin has a very high affinity for oxygen, even at very low partial pressures. Therefore, it acts like an oxygen store, holding on to oxygen and not dissociating until nearly all oxygen has been used up in cells."
"Define the mammalian double circulatory system."	"The mammalian double circulatory system refers to the system where blood passes twice through the heart for each complete circulation of the body. This system involves the coronary arteries, the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, lungs, and kidneys."
"How should one prepare for a dissection of the human heart?"	"For a dissection of the human heart, one should wear gloves for hygiene and use a sharp scalpel to cut the cardiac tissue to then see the inside of the heart, such as the valves and tendons."
"What are the key structures of the human heart?"	"The key structures of the human heart include the coronary arteries, the blood vessels, the valves, and the tendons."

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Describe the role of haemoglobin and red blood cells.

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The role of haemoglobin and red blood cells is to transport oxygen.

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Without it, oxygen delivery to tissues would be compromised.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275871,"front":"Define the term 'oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve'.","back":"An oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve is a graph that shows how the loading, transport, and unloading of oxygen varies in different conditions and for the different forms of haemoglobin.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":1,"explanation":"The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve is a crucial tool in understanding how oxygen is transported in the body. It illustrates the relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure, providing insights into how factors like pH and temperature affect oxygen binding and release by haemoglobin.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275883,"front":"How does the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen change depending on the number of oxygen molecules associated with it?","back":"The affinity haemoglobin has for oxygen changes depending on how many oxygen molecules are already associated with it. As each molecule binds, the shape of haemoglobin changes, making the binding of further oxygen molecules easier.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":2,"explanation":"The explanation provided highlights the cooperative binding behavior of hemoglobin. As oxygen molecules bind to hemoglobin, it undergoes conformational changes, increasing its affinity for additional oxygen. This cooperative binding allows for efficient oxygen uptake and release in the body's tissues.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275886,"front":"Do the conditions affect the loading of oxygen by haemoglobin?","back":"Yes, in areas with a high partial pressure of oxygen, meaning a high concentration, the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen is high, and it loads more oxygen.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":3,"explanation":"In areas with high oxygen concentration, like the lungs, hemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen, facilitating loading. This process is crucial for efficient oxygen transport in the body, ensuring oxygen is readily available for tissues where it's needed.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275891,"front":"Describe the role of alveoli in oxygen transport in humans.","back":"The alveoli in humans have a high partial pressure of oxygen, which allows haemoglobin to readily load with oxygen. This oxygen is then transported to different parts of the body.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":4,"explanation":"The alveoli's high oxygen concentration facilitates efficient oxygen binding to hemoglobin, enabling its transport to body tissues. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and energy production in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275896,"front":"Define the Bohr effect.","back":"The Bohr effect refers to the phenomenon where a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide results in a reduced affinity for oxygen, causing haemoglobin to more readily unload oxygen. This is due to the formation of carbonic acid when carbon dioxide dissolves, which decreases pH and changes the shape of haemoglobin.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":5,"explanation":"The Bohr effect is crucial in enhancing oxygen delivery to tissues during high metabolic activity. It illustrates the intricate relationship between CO2 levels, pH, and oxygen binding by hemoglobin. This mechanism ensures efficient oxygen unloading where it is most needed.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275906,"front":"How does the partial pressure of carbon dioxide affect oxygen transport in respiring tissues?","back":"In respiring tissues, a high partial pressure of carbon dioxide causes oxygen to dissociate from the haemoglobin. This is beneficial as it allows the haemoglobin to deliver oxygen to the site of respiring cells, enabling aerobic respiration to continue.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":6,"explanation":"High partial pressure of carbon dioxide in respiring tissues triggers the release of oxygen from hemoglobin, facilitating oxygen delivery to cells actively engaged in respiration. This mechanism supports aerobic respiration by ensuring a continuous oxygen supply to meet cellular demands.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275921,"front":"Explain how different animals adapt to their environment in terms of oxygen transport.","back":"Many animals adapt to their environment by possessing different types of haemoglobin with different oxygen transport properties. For example, lugworms, whales, and even human foetuses have myoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen more strongly than adult haemoglobin.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":7,"explanation":"Animals like lugworms, whales, and human fetuses have myoglobin to bind oxygen more effectively. This adaptation allows them to thrive in their respective environments by efficiently transporting oxygen as needed. Different types of hemoglobin aid in this process, showcasing evolutionary strategies for oxygen transport.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275932,"front":"Describe the role of myoglobin in oxygen storage.","back":"Myoglobin has a very high affinity for oxygen, even at very low partial pressures. Therefore, it acts like an oxygen store, holding on to oxygen and not dissociating until nearly all oxygen has been used up in cells.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":8,"explanation":"Myoglobin's high affinity for oxygen allows it to efficiently store oxygen in muscle cells, releasing it when needed. This is crucial for sustaining aerobic metabolism during periods of low oxygen availability, such as during intense physical activity.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275945,"front":"Define the mammalian double circulatory system.","back":"The mammalian double circulatory system refers to the system where blood passes twice through the heart for each complete circulation of the body. This system involves the coronary arteries, the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, lungs, and kidneys.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":9,"explanation":"The mammalian double circulatory system is crucial for efficient oxygenation of blood. It ensures that oxygen-rich blood from the lungs is pumped to the body, while oxygen-poor blood from the body is sent to the lungs for reoxygenation. This system supports the high metabolic demands of mammals.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275951,"front":"How should one prepare for a dissection of the human heart?","back":"For a dissection of the human heart, one should wear gloves for hygiene and use a sharp scalpel to cut the cardiac tissue to then see the inside of the heart, such as the valves and tendons.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":10,"explanation":"Preparing for a dissection of the human heart involves ensuring hygiene by wearing gloves and using a sharp scalpel for precise cuts. This allows for a detailed examination of the heart's internal structures like valves and tendons. Proper tools and a clean workspace are essential for a successful dissection.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1275952,"front":"What are the key structures of the human heart?","back":"The key structures of the human heart include the coronary arteries, the blood vessels, the valves, and the tendons.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":11,"explanation":"The human heart's key structures are crucial for its function. The coronary arteries supply oxygen-rich blood, while valves ensure one-way blood flow. Blood vessels distribute blood, and tendons support the heart's muscular walls. These structures collectively enable the heart to effectively pump blood throughout the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"Yi1sI","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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