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Describe the components of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

The PNS includes the receptors, sensory and motor neurons.

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"Describe the components of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)."	"The PNS includes the receptors, sensory and motor neurons."
"Define the Central Nervous System (CNS) and its components."	"The CNS consists of the coordination centers such as the brain and spine."
"Explain the structure of a myelinated motor neuron."	"The structure of a myelinated motor neuron includes the cell body, dendrites, axon, and the myelin sheath. The cell body contains the organelles found in a typical animal cell, including the nucleus. Dendrites are the branched extensions protruding from the cell body. The axon is the conductive, long fiber that carries the nervous impulse along the motor neuron. Schwann cells wrap around the axon to form the myelin sheath, which is a lipid and therefore does not allow charged ions or the impulse to pass through it."
"How is the resting potential of a neuron maintained?"	"The resting potential is maintained by a sodium-potassium pump, involving active transport and therefore ATP. The pump moves 2K+ ions in and 3 Na+ ions out. This creates a concentration gradient and results in K+ diffusing out and Na+ diffusing in. However, because the membrane is more permeable to K+, more are moved out resulting in the -70mV."
"Define the All-or-None Principle in the context of a neuron's action potential."	"The All-or-None Principle states that if the depolarization is not high enough to exceed a threshold, then an action potential and the impulse are not produced. This is important as it ensures that animals only respond to large enough stimuli, rather than responding to every slight change in the environment, which would overwhelm them."
"Explain the process of depolarization and repolarization in a neuron."	"Depolarization occurs when the potential of the neuron changes, leading to an action potential. Changes in membrane permeability lead to this depolarization. Throughout depolarization, the Na+ continues to rush inside until the action potential reaches its peak and the sodium gates close. Repolarization occurs when the voltage-gated sodium channels close and instead voltage-gated potassium ion channels open. This results in potassium ions diffusing out, and the axon becoming negative again."
"Describe the process that occurs when an axon becomes hyperpolarized."	"The axon becomes more negative than the -70mV and is hyperpolarized. The potassium ion gates will now close, and the sodium-potassium pump restores normal activity to reform the resting potential."
"How does an action potential move along the axon?"	"Once an action potential is generated, it moves along the axon like a Mexican wave. This will occur along the entire axon in a non-myelinated neuron, whereas it is much quicker in myelinated axons."
"Define saltatory conduction."	"Saltatory conduction is a process where the localized action potentials jump from node to node and travel much quicker. This only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier, where there is no myelin insulating."
"How do temperature and axon diameter impact the speed of conduction?"	"The higher the temperature, the faster the ions will diffuse and therefore increase the conduction. The wider the diameter of the axon, the faster the rate of conduction. This is because the larger the diameter, the less likely it is for ions to leak across the membrane and affect the potential."
"Explain the importance of the refractory period in a neuron."	"The refractory period ensures that discrete impulses are produced, meaning that an action potential cannot be generated immediately after another one. It also ensures that action potentials travel in one direction and limits the number of impulse transmissions to prevent overreaction to a stimulus."
"What is the function of synapses in the nervous system?"	"Synapses are the gaps between the end of the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another one. Here the action potential is transmitted as neurotransmitters that diffuse across the synapse."
"How does a neuromuscular junction differ from a cholinergic synapse?"	"A neuromuscular junction is unidirectional due to the neurotransmitter receptors only being on the postsynaptic membrane and is only excitatory. A cholinergic synapse could be either excitatory or inhibitory."
"Describe the process and effect of inhibitory synapses."	"Inhibitory synapses cause chloride ions to move into the postsynaptic neuron and potassium ions to move out. The combined effect of negative ions moving in and positive ions moving out makes the membrane potential increase to -80mV, hyperpolarization, and therefore an action potential is highly unlikely."
"Define the concept of summation in the context of neurotransmitters."	"Summation is the rapid build-up of neurotransmitters in the synapse to help generate an action potential by two methods: spatial or temporal summation. Spatial summation involves many different neurons collectively triggering a new action potential by combining the neurotransmitter they release to exceed the threshold value. Temporal summation involves one neuron releasing neurotransmitter repeatedly over a short period of time to add up to enough to exceed the threshold value."
"Explain the function and structure of the Pacinian Corpuscle."	"The Pacinian corpuscle is a receptor that responds to pressure changes. These receptors occur deep in the skin, mainly in fingers and feet. It consists of a single sensory neuron wrapped with layers of tissue separated by gel. Plasma membranes contain channel proteins that allow ion transportation. The membranes surrounding the sensory neuron have stretch-mediated sodium channels. When pressure is applied, it deforms the membrane, stretches and widens the Na+ channels so Na+ diffuses in, which leads to the establishment of a generator potential."
"How do rods and cones in the human retina function?"	"Rods, due to their shape, cannot distinguish different wavelengths of light and process images in black and white. They can detect light of very low intensity because many rod cells connect to one sensory neuron. The threshold to create an action potential can be reached even in low light because so many rod cells are connected to a single bipolar cell. Cone cells contain different types of iodopsin pigment (red, green, and blue), which all absorb different wavelengths of light."
"Describe the role of the sinoatrial node (SAN) in heart contraction."	"The sinoatrial node (SAN), also known as the pacemaker, is located in the right atrium. It releases a wave of depolarization across the atria, causing it to contract."
"How does the atrioventricular node (AVN) contribute to the contraction of the ventricles?"	"The atrioventricular node (AVN) releases another wave of depolarization when the first wave from the SAN reaches it. This wave is conducted down the septum and the Purkinje fibers in the walls of the ventricles via the bundle of His, causing the apex and then walls of the ventricles to contract."
"Define the term 'myogenic' as it relates to cardiac muscle."	"'Myogenic' refers to the property of cardiac muscle to contract and relax without receiving signals from nerves. However, the rate of contraction is controlled by a wave of electrical activity."
"Explain how the distribution of rods and cones in the retina affects vision."	"The distribution of rods and cones in the retina is uneven. Light is focused by the lens on the part of the retina opposite the pupil, the fovea, which receives the highest intensity of light. Therefore, most cone cells are located near the fovea, and rod cells are further away. This distribution allows for high visual acuity."
"How does the medulla oblongata control heart rate?"	"The medulla oblongata controls the heart rate via the autonomic nervous system. It has two parts: a center linked to the sinoatrial node that increases heart rate via the sympathetic nervous system, and another that decreases heart rate via the parasympathetic nervous system."
"Describe how the heart rate changes in response to pH and blood pressure."	"The heart rate changes in response to pH and blood pressure, which are detected by chemoreceptors and pressure receptors in the aorta and carotid artery. For example, the pH of the blood will decrease during times of high respiratory rate due to the production of carbon dioxide or lactic acid."

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Describe the components of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

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The PNS includes the receptors, sensory and motor neurons.

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[{"id":1350898,"front":"Describe the components of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).","back":"The PNS includes the receptors, sensory and motor neurons.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is composed of various components. One important component is the receptors, which detect stimuli from the external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system. Another component is the sensory neurons, which carry sensory information from the receptors to the central nervous system. Lastly, the PNS includes motor neurons, which transmit signals from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands, allowing for movement and response to stimuli.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350899,"front":"Define the Central Nervous System (CNS) and its components.","back":"The CNS consists of the coordination centers such as the brain and spine.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Central Nervous System (CNS) is responsible for coordinating and controlling the body's activities. It consists of two main components: the brain and the spinal cord. The brain is the command center, processing information and sending out signals to the rest of the body. The spinal cord acts as a communication pathway, transmitting signals between the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Together, these components play a crucial role in regulating bodily functions and responding to external stimuli.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350900,"front":"Explain the structure of a myelinated motor neuron.","back":"The structure of a myelinated motor neuron includes the cell body, dendrites, axon, and the myelin sheath. The cell body contains the organelles found in a typical animal cell, including the nucleus. Dendrites are the branched extensions protruding from the cell body. The axon is the conductive, long fiber that carries the nervous impulse along the motor neuron. Schwann cells wrap around the axon to form the myelin sheath, which is a lipid and therefore does not allow charged ions or the impulse to pass through it.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"A myelinated motor neuron consists of a cell body with organelles, dendrites for receiving signals, and a long axon for transmitting nerve impulses. The axon is insulated by a myelin sheath formed by Schwann cells, preventing the leakage of ions and enhancing impulse conduction speed.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350901,"front":"How is the resting potential of a neuron maintained?","back":"The resting potential is maintained by a sodium-potassium pump, involving active transport and therefore ATP. The pump moves 2K+ ions in and 3 Na+ ions out. This creates a concentration gradient and results in K+ diffusing out and Na+ diffusing in. However, because the membrane is more permeable to K+, more are moved out resulting in the -70mV.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The resting potential of a neuron is maintained through the activity of the sodium-potassium pump, which utilizes active transport and ATP. This process involves the movement of ions to create a concentration gradient, leading to the diffusion of potassium and sodium ions across the membrane. The higher permeability of the membrane to potassium results in more ions being moved out, contributing to the establishment of the resting potential.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350902,"front":"Define the All-or-None Principle in the context of a neuron's action potential.","back":"The All-or-None Principle states that if the depolarization is not high enough to exceed a threshold, then an action potential and the impulse are not produced. This is important as it ensures that animals only respond to large enough stimuli, rather than responding to every slight change in the environment, which would overwhelm them.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The All-or-None Principle is crucial for efficient neural signaling. It ensures that only significant stimuli trigger action potentials, preventing unnecessary responses. This selective mechanism allows organisms to effectively process and respond to relevant environmental cues while conserving energy.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350903,"front":"Explain the process of depolarization and repolarization in a neuron.","back":"Depolarization occurs when the potential of the neuron changes, leading to an action potential. Changes in membrane permeability lead to this depolarization. Throughout depolarization, the Na+ continues to rush inside until the action potential reaches its peak and the sodium gates close. Repolarization occurs when the voltage-gated sodium channels close and instead voltage-gated potassium ion channels open. This results in potassium ions diffusing out, and the axon becoming negative again.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Depolarization in a neuron involves a change in membrane potential, leading to an action potential. This is driven by changes in membrane permeability, allowing Na+ to rush in. Repolarization follows as voltage-gated sodium channels close and potassium channels open, leading to the efflux of K+ ions and restoration of the neuron's negative charge.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350904,"front":"Describe the process that occurs when an axon becomes hyperpolarized.","back":"The axon becomes more negative than the -70mV and is hyperpolarized. The potassium ion gates will now close, and the sodium-potassium pump restores normal activity to reform the resting potential.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"When an axon becomes hyperpolarized, the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential. This occurs because the potassium ion gates close, leading to an efflux of potassium ions. The sodium-potassium pump then works to restore the normal resting potential by actively transporting sodium and potassium ions across the membrane.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350905,"front":"How does an action potential move along the axon?","back":"Once an action potential is generated, it moves along the axon like a Mexican wave. This will occur along the entire axon in a non-myelinated neuron, whereas it is much quicker in myelinated axons.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"An action potential moves along the axon through a process called depolarization and repolarization. In non-myelinated neurons, it travels continuously, while in myelinated axons, it jumps between nodes of Ranvier, speeding up the process. This movement is crucial for transmitting signals in the nervous system.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350906,"front":"Define saltatory conduction.","back":"Saltatory conduction is a process where the localized action potentials jump from node to node and travel much quicker. This only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier, where there is no myelin insulating.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Saltatory conduction is a key mechanism in speeding up nerve impulses along myelinated axons. By allowing the action potential to \"leap\" between nodes of Ranvier, where ion channels are concentrated, the signal can propagate faster than if it had to travel continuously along the entire length of the axon. This efficiency is crucial for rapid and efficient communication within the nervous system.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350907,"front":"How do temperature and axon diameter impact the speed of conduction?","back":"The higher the temperature, the faster the ions will diffuse and therefore increase the conduction. The wider the diameter of the axon, the faster the rate of conduction. This is because the larger the diameter, the less likely it is for ions to leak across the membrane and affect the potential.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Temperature impacts the speed of conduction by increasing ion diffusion. Higher temperatures lead to faster diffusion and increased conduction. Axon diameter also affects conduction speed; wider diameters reduce ion leakage, enhancing conduction rates.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350908,"front":"Explain the importance of the refractory period in a neuron.","back":"The refractory period ensures that discrete impulses are produced, meaning that an action potential cannot be generated immediately after another one. It also ensures that action potentials travel in one direction and limits the number of impulse transmissions to prevent overreaction to a stimulus.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The refractory period in a neuron is crucial for preventing continuous impulses, allowing for discrete and directional transmission of action potentials. This limitation is essential for preventing overreaction to stimuli and maintaining the integrity of neural signaling.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350909,"front":"What is the function of synapses in the nervous system?","back":"Synapses are the gaps between the end of the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another one. Here the action potential is transmitted as neurotransmitters that diffuse across the synapse.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Synapses play a crucial role in the nervous system by allowing communication between neurons. They act as junctions where electrical signals are converted into chemical signals, known as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters transmit the signal from one neuron to another across the synapse, enabling the transmission of information throughout the nervous system.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350910,"front":"How does a neuromuscular junction differ from a cholinergic synapse?","back":"A neuromuscular junction is unidirectional due to the neurotransmitter receptors only being on the postsynaptic membrane and is only excitatory. A cholinergic synapse could be either excitatory or inhibitory.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"A neuromuscular junction is unidirectional because the neurotransmitter receptors are only on the postsynaptic membrane, leading to only excitatory responses. In contrast, a cholinergic synapse can be either excitatory or inhibitory, allowing for bidirectional signaling.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350911,"front":"Describe the process and effect of inhibitory synapses.","back":"Inhibitory synapses cause chloride ions to move into the postsynaptic neuron and potassium ions to move out. The combined effect of negative ions moving in and positive ions moving out makes the membrane potential increase to -80mV, hyperpolarization, and therefore an action potential is highly unlikely.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Inhibitory synapses function by allowing chloride ions to enter the postsynaptic neuron and potassium ions to exit. This results in a net increase of negative charge inside the neuron, leading to hyperpolarization and making it less likely for an action potential to occur.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350912,"front":"Define the concept of summation in the context of neurotransmitters.","back":"Summation is the rapid build-up of neurotransmitters in the synapse to help generate an action potential by two methods: spatial or temporal summation. Spatial summation involves many different neurons collectively triggering a new action potential by combining the neurotransmitter they release to exceed the threshold value. Temporal summation involves one neuron releasing neurotransmitter repeatedly over a short period of time to add up to enough to exceed the threshold value.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Summation is crucial for neuronal communication, as it determines whether a neuron will fire an action potential. Understanding spatial and temporal summation helps clarify how neurons integrate signals from multiple sources or from a single source over time, influencing overall brain function and response to stimuli.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350913,"front":"Explain the function and structure of the Pacinian Corpuscle.","back":"The Pacinian corpuscle is a receptor that responds to pressure changes. These receptors occur deep in the skin, mainly in fingers and feet. It consists of a single sensory neuron wrapped with layers of tissue separated by gel. Plasma membranes contain channel proteins that allow ion transportation. The membranes surrounding the sensory neuron have stretch-mediated sodium channels. When pressure is applied, it deforms the membrane, stretches and widens the Na+ channels so Na+ diffuses in, which leads to the establishment of a generator potential.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Pacinian corpuscle is a specialized structure found deep in the skin that detects pressure changes. It is composed of layers of tissue surrounding a sensory neuron with stretch-mediated sodium channels. When pressure is applied, these channels open, allowing sodium ions to enter and generate a signal.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350914,"front":"How do rods and cones in the human retina function?","back":"Rods, due to their shape, cannot distinguish different wavelengths of light and process images in black and white. They can detect light of very low intensity because many rod cells connect to one sensory neuron. The threshold to create an action potential can be reached even in low light because so many rod cells are connected to a single bipolar cell. Cone cells contain different types of iodopsin pigment (red, green, and blue), which all absorb different wavelengths of light.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Rods are more sensitive to light and function better in low-light conditions due to their convergence on a single sensory neuron. Cones, on the other hand, are responsible for color vision as they contain different pigments that respond to specific wavelengths of light.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350915,"front":"Describe the role of the sinoatrial node (SAN) in heart contraction.","back":"The sinoatrial node (SAN), also known as the pacemaker, is located in the right atrium. It releases a wave of depolarization across the atria, causing it to contract.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The sinoatrial node (SAN) plays a crucial role in initiating the electrical impulses that coordinate heart contractions. As the primary pacemaker of the heart, the SAN sets the rhythm and rate of the heartbeat by generating electrical signals that spread through the atria, leading to their contraction. This synchronized contraction ensures efficient blood pumping throughout the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350916,"front":"How does the atrioventricular node (AVN) contribute to the contraction of the ventricles?","back":"The atrioventricular node (AVN) releases another wave of depolarization when the first wave from the SAN reaches it. This wave is conducted down the septum and the Purkinje fibers in the walls of the ventricles via the bundle of His, causing the apex and then walls of the ventricles to contract.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The AVN acts as a critical relay in the heart's electrical conduction system, ensuring a coordinated contraction. By delaying the impulse from the SAN, it allows the atria to fully contract and fill the ventricles with blood before the ventricles contract, optimizing cardiac efficiency and maintaining effective blood circulation.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350917,"front":"Define the term 'myogenic' as it relates to cardiac muscle.","back":"'Myogenic' refers to the property of cardiac muscle to contract and relax without receiving signals from nerves. However, the rate of contraction is controlled by a wave of electrical activity.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Myogenic activity is crucial for the heart's autonomous function, allowing it to maintain a consistent rhythm. This intrinsic ability ensures that the heart can respond to varying demands for blood flow, adapting to physical activity or rest without relying solely on external neural input.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350918,"front":"Explain how the distribution of rods and cones in the retina affects vision.","back":"The distribution of rods and cones in the retina is uneven. Light is focused by the lens on the part of the retina opposite the pupil, the fovea, which receives the highest intensity of light. Therefore, most cone cells are located near the fovea, and rod cells are further away. This distribution allows for high visual acuity.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The fovea, with the highest concentration of cone cells, provides detailed central vision. Rod cells, more abundant in the periphery, enhance peripheral vision and low-light visibility. This distribution optimizes visual function for various lighting conditions and tasks.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350919,"front":"How does the medulla oblongata control heart rate?","back":"The medulla oblongata controls the heart rate via the autonomic nervous system. It has two parts: a center linked to the sinoatrial node that increases heart rate via the sympathetic nervous system, and another that decreases heart rate via the parasympathetic nervous system.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The medulla oblongata plays a crucial role in regulating heart rate by integrating signals from the body and adjusting the heart rate accordingly. It acts through the autonomic nervous system, with distinct centers that can either increase or decrease heart rate by modulating the activity of the sinoatrial node. This intricate control mechanism ensures that the heart rate responds appropriately to various physiological demands and maintains overall cardiovascular function.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1350920,"front":"Describe how the heart rate changes in response to pH and blood pressure.","back":"The heart rate changes in response to pH and blood pressure, which are detected by chemoreceptors and pressure receptors in the aorta and carotid artery. For example, the pH of the blood will decrease during times of high respiratory rate due to the production of carbon dioxide or lactic acid.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The heart rate changes in response to pH and blood pressure due to the detection of these changes by chemoreceptors and pressure receptors in the body. For instance, a decrease in blood pH during high respiratory rate triggers a response in heart rate. This is a result of the body's regulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"W4yHV","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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