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Define Saturated Fatty Acids and explain their structure.

Saturated Fatty Acids are holding as many H atoms as possible, due to the lack of double bonds - hence the name saturated. This results in a relatively straight shape, so molecules can be tightly packed in parallel. This tight structure results in these lipids being solid, or fats.

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"Define Saturated Fatty Acids and explain their structure."	"Saturated Fatty Acids are holding as many H atoms as possible, due to the lack of double bonds - hence the name saturated. This results in a relatively straight shape, so molecules can be tightly packed in parallel. This tight structure results in these lipids being solid, or fats."
"Define the Ethanol Emulsion Test."	"The Ethanol Emulsion Test is a method to check for the presence of lipids. A sample is added to ethanol and shaken to dissolve. Then, distilled water is added. If a cloudy white precipitate forms, then a lipid is present."
"What is the role of the hydrophilic nature of the phosphate head in a phospholipid?"	"The hydrophilic nature of the phosphate head enables the surface of the plasma membrane to stay in place. It also allows carbohydrates to attach and form important receptors on the membrane."
"Explain the formation of a phospholipid bilayer membrane structure."	"When phospholipids are in water, they move to a position where the heads are exposed to water and the tails are not. This behavior results in the formation of a phospholipid bilayer membrane structure, which forms the plasma membrane around cells."
"How does the structure of a phospholipid result in its properties?"	"The phosphate molecule, or the hydrophilic 'head' of a phospholipid, can interact with water as it is charged and repels other fats. The fatty acid chain, or the hydrophobic 'tail', is not charged and repels water but will mix with fats. These two regions make the phospholipid a polar molecule."
"Describe the structure of a phospholipid."	"A phospholipid is made up of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group. The two fatty acids bond to the glycerol via two condensation reactions, resulting in two ester bonds."
"What happens during a condensation reaction in the formation of a Triglyceride?"	"During a condensation reaction in the formation of a Triglyceride, a molecule is removed. This reaction occurs between the carboxyl group (COOH) of the fatty acid and the hydroxyl group (OH) of the glycerol. The bond that forms between the glycerol and carboxyl group of the fatty acids is an ester bond."
"Explain the properties of Triglycerides."	"Triglycerides are an energy storage. Due to the large ratio of energy-storing carbon-hydrogen bonds compared to the number of carbon atoms, a lot of energy is stored in the molecule. Due to the high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms, they can act as a metabolic water source. As lipids are large, hydrophobic molecules, they are insoluble in water. This means they will not affect water potentials and osmosis. Lipids are relatively low in mass."
"How are Triglycerides formed?"	"Triglycerides are made up of one glycerol molecule and three (tri) fatty acids. These fatty acids are each bonded onto the glycerol by a condensation reaction. The condensation reaction occurs between the carboxyl group (COOH) of the fatty acid and the hydroxyl group (OH) of the glycerol. The bond that forms between the glycerol and carboxyl group of the fatty acids is an ester bond."
"Describe the elements that make up lipids."	"Lipids are biological molecules that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. However, unlike carbohydrates, lipids have much less oxygen."
"Describe the structure of Unsaturated Fatty Acids."	"Unsaturated Fatty Acids have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. If they have one double bond, they are described as being monounsaturated. If there are many double bonds, it is polyunsaturated. Unsaturated fatty acid chains kink where the double bonds are, and are therefore far less straight. This means the lipid molecules can't be as tightly packed and thus are in a liquid state, oils."
"What is the structure of a fatty acid?"	"Fatty Acids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a carboxyl group at one end (COOH)."
"What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?"	"Saturated Fatty Acids have no double bonds between the carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds."
"Define Saturated Fatty Acids."	"Saturated Fatty Acids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with no double bonds between the carbon atoms."
"What are the two molecules that make up lipids?"	"Lipids are made up of two molecules, fatty acids, and glycerol."
"What are the two key types of lipids?"	"The two key types of lipids are triglycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids (found in cell membranes)."
"How do lipids interact with water?"	"Lipids are non-polar molecules or uncharged and therefore are insoluble in water. They are described as being hydrophobic."

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Define Saturated Fatty Acids and explain their structure.

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This compact structure is why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature and referred to as fats.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274790,"front":"Define the Ethanol Emulsion Test.","back":"The Ethanol Emulsion Test is a method to check for the presence of lipids. A sample is added to ethanol and shaken to dissolve. Then, distilled water is added. If a cloudy white precipitate forms, then a lipid is present.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":1,"explanation":"The Ethanol Emulsion Test is a widely used method for detecting lipids. It involves dissolving a sample in ethanol and then adding distilled water. If a cloudy white precipitate forms, it indicates the presence of lipids. This test is based on the principle that lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like ethanol. The addition of water causes the lipids to separate out of the solution, forming a visible precipitate. This test is commonly used in various fields, including biochemistry and food science, to determine the lipid content of samples.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274785,"front":"What is the role of the hydrophilic nature of the phosphate head in a phospholipid?","back":"The hydrophilic nature of the phosphate head enables the surface of the plasma membrane to stay in place. It also allows carbohydrates to attach and form important receptors on the membrane.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":2,"explanation":"The hydrophilic nature of the phosphate head in a phospholipid is important for maintaining the structure and function of the plasma membrane. It allows the phospholipids to arrange themselves in a bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads facing outward towards the aqueous environment. This arrangement creates a barrier that separates the internal and external environments of the cell. Additionally, the hydrophilic nature of the phosphate head allows for interactions with other molecules, such as carbohydrates, which can attach to the membrane and play a role in cell signaling and recognition.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274784,"front":"Explain the formation of a phospholipid bilayer membrane structure.","back":"When phospholipids are in water, they move to a position where the heads are exposed to water and the tails are not. This behavior results in the formation of a phospholipid bilayer membrane structure, which forms the plasma membrane around cells.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":3,"explanation":"Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. In an aqueous environment, they spontaneously arrange themselves to shield the tails from water while exposing the heads. This self-assembly forms a double layer, creating the phospholipid bilayer, a fundamental component of cell membranes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274780,"front":"How does the structure of a phospholipid result in its properties?","back":"The phosphate molecule, or the hydrophilic 'head' of a phospholipid, can interact with water as it is charged and repels other fats. The fatty acid chain, or the hydrophobic 'tail', is not charged and repels water but will mix with fats. These two regions make the phospholipid a polar molecule.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":4,"explanation":"The structure of a phospholipid results in its properties due to the presence of a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tail. This duality allows phospholipids to form the basis of cell membranes, as they can create a barrier between the interior and exterior environments of the cell. The amphipathic nature of phospholipids enables them to spontaneously form lipid bilayers, crucial for compartmentalization and selective permeability in cells.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274759,"front":"Describe the structure of a phospholipid.","back":"A phospholipid is made up of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group. The two fatty acids bond to the glycerol via two condensation reactions, resulting in two ester bonds.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":5,"explanation":"Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes. The glycerol backbone of a phospholipid is linked to two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group. This unique structure gives phospholipids both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, crucial for forming the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274755,"front":"What happens during a condensation reaction in the formation of a Triglyceride?","back":"During a condensation reaction in the formation of a Triglyceride, a molecule is removed. This reaction occurs between the carboxyl group (COOH) of the fatty acid and the hydroxyl group (OH) of the glycerol. The bond that forms between the glycerol and carboxyl group of the fatty acids is an ester bond.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":6,"explanation":"During a condensation reaction in the formation of a Triglyceride, a molecule is removed as a byproduct. This reaction involves the bonding of the carboxyl group of the fatty acid with the hydroxyl group of the glycerol, resulting in the formation of an ester bond. This process is crucial in the synthesis of triglycerides, which are important energy storage molecules in living organisms.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274741,"front":"Explain the properties of Triglycerides.","back":"Triglycerides are an energy storage. Due to the large ratio of energy-storing carbon-hydrogen bonds compared to the number of carbon atoms, a lot of energy is stored in the molecule. Due to the high ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms, they can act as a metabolic water source. As lipids are large, hydrophobic molecules, they are insoluble in water. This means they will not affect water potentials and osmosis. Lipids are relatively low in mass.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":7,"explanation":"Triglycerides serve as a major energy reservoir due to their high energy-storing carbon-hydrogen bonds. Their hydrophobic nature makes them insoluble in water, impacting water potentials and osmosis. Additionally, their high hydrogen to oxygen ratio allows them to act as a metabolic water source.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274729,"front":"How are Triglycerides formed?","back":"Triglycerides are made up of one glycerol molecule and three (tri) fatty acids. These fatty acids are each bonded onto the glycerol by a condensation reaction. The condensation reaction occurs between the carboxyl group (COOH) of the fatty acid and the hydroxyl group (OH) of the glycerol. The bond that forms between the glycerol and carboxyl group of the fatty acids is an ester bond.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":8,"explanation":"Triglycerides are formed through a condensation reaction between a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. This reaction involves bonding the carboxyl group of the fatty acid to the hydroxyl group of the glycerol, resulting in the formation of ester bonds. This process is fundamental to the structure and function of triglycerides in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274720,"front":"Describe the elements that make up lipids.","back":"Lipids are biological molecules that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. However, unlike carbohydrates, lipids have much less oxygen.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":9,"explanation":"Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but they have a lower proportion of oxygen compared to carbohydrates. This difference in elemental composition contributes to the distinct properties and functions of lipids in biological systems.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274727,"front":"Describe the structure of Unsaturated Fatty Acids.","back":"Unsaturated Fatty Acids have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. If they have one double bond, they are described as being monounsaturated. If there are many double bonds, it is polyunsaturated. Unsaturated fatty acid chains kink where the double bonds are, and are therefore far less straight. This means the lipid molecules can't be as tightly packed and thus are in a liquid state, oils.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":10,"explanation":"Unsaturated Fatty Acids contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. The presence of double bonds causes a kink in the fatty acid chain, preventing tight packing and resulting in a liquid state at room temperature, such as oils. Monounsaturated has one double bond, while polyunsaturated has multiple double bonds.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274726,"front":"What is the structure of a fatty acid?","back":"Fatty Acids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with a carboxyl group at one end (COOH).","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":11,"explanation":"Fatty acids are composed of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end. This structure allows them to function as building blocks for more complex lipids and play crucial roles in energy storage and cell membrane formation.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274725,"front":"What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?","back":"Saturated Fatty Acids have no double bonds between the carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":12,"explanation":"Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds between carbon atoms, making them straight and able to pack tightly, solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in their structure, and are typically liquid at room temperature.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274724,"front":"Define Saturated Fatty Acids.","back":"Saturated Fatty Acids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms with no double bonds between the carbon atoms.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":13,"explanation":"Saturated fatty acids lack double bonds between carbon atoms, making them straight and able to pack tightly together. This characteristic gives them a solid state at room temperature and makes them less susceptible to oxidation, contributing to their longer shelf life.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274723,"front":"What are the two molecules that make up lipids?","back":"Lipids are made up of two molecules, fatty acids, and glycerol.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":14,"explanation":"Lipids are composed of fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group, while glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol. These molecules combine through dehydration synthesis to form various types of lipids, such as triglycerides and phospholipids.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274722,"front":"What are the two key types of lipids?","back":"The two key types of lipids are triglycerides (fats and oils) and phospholipids (found in cell membranes).","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":15,"explanation":"Triglycerides are a major source of energy storage in the body, while phospholipids play a crucial role in forming the structure of cell membranes. Understanding these two key types of lipids is fundamental in comprehending their diverse functions in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274721,"front":"How do lipids interact with water?","back":"Lipids are non-polar molecules or uncharged and therefore are insoluble in water. They are described as being hydrophobic.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":16,"explanation":"Lipids interact with water by exhibiting hydrophobic behavior due to their non-polar nature. This causes them to repel water molecules, leading to their insolubility in water. This is due to the difference in polarity between lipids and water molecules.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"VE0ez","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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