New Day

Current Quiz

You previously generated a quiz from this deck.

Spaced Repetition

This mode helps you retain information by reviewing flashcards at optimal intervals, focusing on what needs the most reinforcement each day.

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️
Flashcards

The standard way to view your flashcards without any extras

🧠
Exam Mode

Practice active recall and assess your answers with AI

⏳
Spaced Repetition

Memorize your flashcards using a scientifically proven method

🎯
Generate Quiz

Use AI to generate a quiz based on the same content

Describe the primary structure of a protein.

The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. This sequence is determined by DNA and can alter how the protein further folds and bonds, enabling unique functions.

1 / 18

Combine

All flashcards from the current deck will be added to the deck selected from this list.

Export

This text is tab separated and can be imported into various flashcard apps.

"Describe the primary structure of a protein."	"The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. This sequence is determined by DNA and can alter how the protein further folds and bonds, enabling unique functions."
"How are proteins formed?"	"Proteins are polymer chains, or polypeptides, created on the ribosome in cells and are then further folded and modified in the Golgi apparatus."
"Define the term 'polypeptide'."	"A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains folded into highly specific 3D shapes."
"How many different amino acids can form the primary structure of a protein?"	"There are 20 different amino acids that can form the primary structure of a protein."
"How is the polypeptide chain created?"	"The polypeptide chain is created by a series of condensation reactions occurring between amino acids."
"What might cause a change to the amino acid sequence in a protein?"	"A mutation might cause a change to the amino acid sequence in a protein."
"Describe the secondary structure of a protein."	"The secondary structure of a protein is formed when the sequence of amino acids causes parts of a protein molecule to bend into α helix shapes or fold into β pleated sheets."
"Define the tertiary structure of a protein."	"The tertiary structure of a protein involves further folding of the secondary structure to create a unique 3D structure. This structure is held in place by hydrogen, ionic, and disulfide bonds."
"How does the quaternary structure of a protein form?"	"The quaternary structure of a protein is made up of more than one polypeptide chain. It is still folded into a 3D shape and held by hydrogen, ionic, and disulfide bonds."
"Do hydrogen bonds play a significant role in protein structure?"	"Yes, hydrogen bonds play a significant role in maintaining the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins. Although individually weak, in large numbers they provide collective strength."
"What is the role of disulfide bonds in protein structure?"	"Disulfide bonds, which only form between the R-groups of two amino acids that contain sulfur, help to hold the tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins in place."
"Why is it important to mention the bonds involved when describing protein structures?"	"Mentioning the bonds involved in protein structures is important because without these bonds, the unique shapes of the proteins are not maintained."
"Describe the structure of hemoglobin."	"Hemoglobin is made up of 4 polypeptide chains. It also has extra molecules attached that are not part of the polypeptide chains, known as a prosthetic group. In hemoglobin, iron is the prosthetic group."
"Define a prosthetic group in the context of proteins."	"A prosthetic group is any group that is attached to a protein but is not made up of amino acids. For example, iron is the prosthetic group in hemoglobin."
"What does it mean for a protein to be a conjugated protein?"	"A protein that has a prosthetic group can be described as a conjugated protein, which simply means a non-protein group is added onto it."
"How do fibrous proteins differ from globular proteins in terms of structure and function?"	"Fibrous proteins have a long rope-like shape, are stable, insoluble in water, and their strength gives them a structural function. Examples include collagen in bone and keratin in hair. Globular proteins, on the other hand, have a spherical shape, are relatively unstable, soluble, and have metabolic functions. Examples include all enzymes, antibodies, some hormones like insulin, and hemoglobin."
"Describe the structure and function of globular proteins."	"Globular proteins have polypeptide chains that ‘roll up’ into a spherical shape. They have a relatively unstable structure, are soluble, and perform metabolic functions. Examples include all enzymes, antibodies, some hormones like insulin, and hemoglobin."
"Describe the structure and function of fibrous proteins."	"Fibrous proteins have polypeptide chains that form long twisted strands linked together. They have a stable structure, are insoluble in water, and their strength gives them a structural function. Examples include collagen in bone and keratin in hair."

Click to copy

Image

Front

Describe the primary structure of a protein.

Back

Image

Print Flashcards

[{"id":1274119,"front":"Describe the primary structure of a protein.","back":"The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. This sequence is determined by DNA and can alter how the protein further folds and bonds, enabling unique functions.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The primary structure of a protein refers to the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. This sequence is determined by the genetic information encoded in DNA. The order of amino acids in the chain is crucial as it determines how the protein will fold and interact with other molecules, ultimately determining its unique structure and function. Any changes in the amino acid sequence can have significant effects on the protein's structure and function.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274120,"front":"How are proteins formed?","back":"Proteins are polymer chains, or polypeptides, created on the ribosome in cells and are then further folded and modified in the Golgi apparatus.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Proteins are formed through a process called protein synthesis. This process occurs in cells and involves the creation of polypeptide chains on ribosomes. These chains are then folded and modified in the Golgi apparatus. Protein synthesis is a crucial biological process that allows cells to produce the diverse range of proteins needed for various functions in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274121,"front":"Define the term 'polypeptide'.","back":"A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains folded into highly specific 3D shapes.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"A polypeptide is a sequence of amino acids linked together. These amino acids are joined by peptide bonds, forming a linear chain. Polypeptides are the building blocks of proteins, which are essential for various biological functions. Proteins can consist of one or more polypeptide chains that fold into specific 3D structures, enabling them to carry out their specific roles in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274122,"front":"How many different amino acids can form the primary structure of a protein?","back":"There are 20 different amino acids that can form the primary structure of a protein.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids, and the primary structure refers to the specific sequence of these amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that can be incorporated into proteins, each with its own unique side chain. This diversity in amino acids allows for a wide range of possible sequences and therefore a vast number of different proteins to be formed.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274124,"front":"How is the polypeptide chain created?","back":"The polypeptide chain is created by a series of condensation reactions occurring between amino acids.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The polypeptide chain is formed through condensation reactions between amino acids. During this process, the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another, resulting in the formation of a peptide bond. This bond links the amino acids together, forming a linear chain. This process continues until the desired polypeptide chain is formed.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274129,"front":"What might cause a change to the amino acid sequence in a protein?","back":"A mutation might cause a change to the amino acid sequence in a protein.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"A mutation is a possible cause for a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. Mutations can occur due to errors during DNA replication or exposure to mutagens. These changes can lead to alterations in the genetic code, resulting in a different sequence of amino acids being incorporated into the protein during translation. This can affect the structure and function of the protein, potentially leading to various biological consequences.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274135,"front":"Describe the secondary structure of a protein.","back":"The secondary structure of a protein is formed when the sequence of amino acids causes parts of a protein molecule to bend into α helix shapes or fold into β pleated sheets.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The secondary structure of a protein is determined by the interactions between amino acids in the protein sequence. These interactions lead to the formation of regular patterns, such as α helices and β sheets. These structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the backbone atoms of the amino acids. The secondary structure is important for the overall folding and stability of the protein, and it plays a crucial role in determining its function.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274139,"front":"Define the tertiary structure of a protein.","back":"The tertiary structure of a protein involves further folding of the secondary structure to create a unique 3D structure. This structure is held in place by hydrogen, ionic, and disulfide bonds.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The tertiary structure of a protein is the three-dimensional arrangement of its atoms in space. It is formed by the folding of the secondary structure, such as alpha helices and beta sheets. This folding is driven by various types of chemical bonds, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bonds. The unique 3D structure of a protein is crucial for its function and determines how it interacts with other molecules in the cell.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274140,"front":"How does the quaternary structure of a protein form?","back":"The quaternary structure of a protein is made up of more than one polypeptide chain. It is still folded into a 3D shape and held by hydrogen, ionic, and disulfide bonds.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The quaternary structure of a protein forms when multiple polypeptide chains come together to create a functional protein complex. This structure is stabilized by various types of chemical bonds, including hydrogen, ionic, and disulfide bonds, which help maintain the 3D shape of the protein.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274141,"front":"Do hydrogen bonds play a significant role in protein structure?","back":"Yes, hydrogen bonds play a significant role in maintaining the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins. Although individually weak, in large numbers they provide collective strength.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Hydrogen bonds are formed between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule. In proteins, hydrogen bonds contribute to the stability and structure of the molecule. They are crucial for maintaining the secondary structure, such as alpha helices and beta sheets, by forming between the backbone atoms. Additionally, hydrogen bonds are involved in the interactions between different protein subunits, contributing to the quaternary structure. While each hydrogen bond is relatively weak, the cumulative effect of numerous hydrogen bonds provides significant stability to the protein structure.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274142,"front":"What is the role of disulfide bonds in protein structure?","back":"Disulfide bonds, which only form between the R-groups of two amino acids that contain sulfur, help to hold the tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins in place.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Disulfide bonds play a crucial role in stabilizing the higher-order structures of proteins. They form covalent bonds between cysteine residues, contributing to the stability and proper folding of proteins. This is essential for their biological function and structural integrity.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274143,"front":"Why is it important to mention the bonds involved when describing protein structures?","back":"Mentioning the bonds involved in protein structures is important because without these bonds, the unique shapes of the proteins are not maintained.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Mentioning the bonds involved in protein structures is crucial because these bonds are responsible for maintaining the unique shapes of proteins. Without these bonds, proteins would not be able to maintain their functional and structural integrity, impacting their biological roles.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274144,"front":"Describe the structure of hemoglobin.","back":"Hemoglobin is made up of 4 polypeptide chains. It also has extra molecules attached that are not part of the polypeptide chains, known as a prosthetic group. In hemoglobin, iron is the prosthetic group.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Hemoglobin is a complex protein composed of four polypeptide chains. These chains come together to form a globular structure. Additionally, hemoglobin contains a prosthetic group, which is a non-protein molecule attached to the protein. In the case of hemoglobin, the prosthetic group is iron. This iron molecule is crucial for the binding and transport of oxygen in the bloodstream. The structure of hemoglobin allows it to efficiently carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274145,"front":"Define a prosthetic group in the context of proteins.","back":"A prosthetic group is any group that is attached to a protein but is not made up of amino acids. For example, iron is the prosthetic group in hemoglobin.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"A prosthetic group is a non-amino acid component that is covalently attached to a protein. It plays a crucial role in the protein's structure and function. Prosthetic groups can be organic or inorganic molecules, such as metal ions or coenzymes. They often provide catalytic or binding sites, allowing the protein to carry out specific biochemical reactions. Hemoglobin, for instance, contains an iron-containing prosthetic group called heme, which is responsible for binding and transporting oxygen. Prosthetic groups are essential for the proper functioning of many proteins in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274148,"front":"What does it mean for a protein to be a conjugated protein?","back":"A protein that has a prosthetic group can be described as a conjugated protein, which simply means a non-protein group is added onto it.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Conjugated proteins have non-protein components, such as metal ions or organic compounds, attached to them. These additional components, called prosthetic groups, play crucial roles in the protein's function, such as aiding in catalysis or providing structural stability. This modification expands the functional diversity of proteins.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274160,"front":"How do fibrous proteins differ from globular proteins in terms of structure and function?","back":"Fibrous proteins have a long rope-like shape, are stable, insoluble in water, and their strength gives them a structural function. Examples include collagen in bone and keratin in hair. Globular proteins, on the other hand, have a spherical shape, are relatively unstable, soluble, and have metabolic functions. Examples include all enzymes, antibodies, some hormones like insulin, and hemoglobin.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Fibrous proteins are characterized by their elongated, thread-like structure, providing strength and stability for structural roles. In contrast, globular proteins have a compact, spherical shape, enabling them to perform metabolic functions such as enzymatic activity and molecular recognition. This structural difference influences their respective roles and functions within biological systems.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274174,"front":"Describe the structure and function of globular proteins.","back":"Globular proteins have polypeptide chains that ‘roll up’ into a spherical shape. They have a relatively unstable structure, are soluble, and perform metabolic functions. Examples include all enzymes, antibodies, some hormones like insulin, and hemoglobin.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Globular proteins have a unique structure where the polypeptide chains fold into a compact, spherical shape. This structure allows them to be soluble in water and perform various metabolic functions. Examples of globular proteins include enzymes, antibodies, hormones like insulin, and hemoglobin. Their instability allows for flexibility and dynamic interactions with other molecules.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1274185,"front":"Describe the structure and function of fibrous proteins.","back":"Fibrous proteins have polypeptide chains that form long twisted strands linked together. They have a stable structure, are insoluble in water, and their strength gives them a structural function. Examples include collagen in bone and keratin in hair.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Fibrous proteins have a unique structure with long, twisted strands formed by polypeptide chains. This structure provides stability and strength, making them ideal for structural functions. Due to their arrangement, fibrous proteins are insoluble in water. Examples of fibrous proteins include collagen, which provides strength to bones, and keratin, which gives structure to hair.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"OIxV8","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

Options

Arrange Cards

Chronological

Random

Card Direction

Front First

Back First

Share this deck

Click to copy

Delete this deck

Are you sure you want to delete this deck? This cannot be undone.

Protein Structure Flashcards

Sign Up

New Day

Current Quiz

Spaced Repetition

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️
Flashcards

🧠
Exam Mode

⏳
Spaced Repetition

🎯
Generate Quiz

Describe the primary structure of a protein.

Combine

Export

Front

Back

Print Flashcards

Print Type

Font Size

Rows Per Page

Options

Arrange Cards

Card Direction

Share this deck

Delete this deck

Sign Up

Protein Structure Flashcards

Sign Up

New Day

Current Quiz

Spaced Repetition

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️ Flashcards

🧠 Exam Mode

⏳ Spaced Repetition

🎯 Generate Quiz

Describe the primary structure of a protein.

Combine

Export

Front

Back

Print Flashcards

Print Type

Font Size

Rows Per Page

Options

Arrange Cards

Card Direction

Share this deck

Delete this deck

Sign Up

🗂️
Flashcards

🧠
Exam Mode

⏳
Spaced Repetition

🎯
Generate Quiz