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Describe the large latent heat of vaporisation in the context of water.

Large latent heat of vaporisation means that a lot of energy is required to convert water from its liquid state to a gaseous state. This is due to the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. This property provides a significant cooling effect for organisms, such as humans when they sweat.

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"Describe the large latent heat of vaporisation in the context of water."	"Large latent heat of vaporisation means that a lot of energy is required to convert water from its liquid state to a gaseous state. This is due to the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. This property provides a significant cooling effect for organisms, such as humans when they sweat."
"Which structural feature of water provides strong cohesion, a high latent heat of vaporisation, and a high specific heat capacity?"	"Hydrogen bonds between water molecules provide strong cohesion, a high latent heat of vaporisation, and a high specific heat capacity."
"What structural feature of water makes it a good solvent?"	"The dipolar nature of water makes it a good solvent."
"What is the term given to describe the uneven distribution of electrical charges in water?"	"The term given to describe the uneven distribution of electrical charges in water is 'dipolar'."
"What holds oxygen and hydrogen together within a water molecule?"	"Oxygen and hydrogen within a water molecule are held together by covalent bonds."
"How does cohesion provide surface tension to water and what is its significance?"	"Cohesion provides surface tension to water, enabling small invertebrates to move and live on the surface, providing them a habitat away from predators within water."
"How does cohesion contribute to the movement of water in plants?"	"Due to water molecules sticking together, when water moves up the xylem in plants due to transpiration, it is as a continuous column of water. This is advantageous as it is easier to draw up a column rather than individual molecules."
"Describe the process by which heat energy is transferred from the skin to water during evaporation."	"Large amounts of heat energy from the skin are transferred to the water to evaporate it, thereby removing a lot of heat and cooling the organism."
"How does water's large latent heat of vaporisation benefit organisms?"	"Water's large latent heat of vaporisation provides a significant cooling effect for organisms. For example, when humans sweat, they release water onto their skin. The energy required to convert this water to a gaseous state cools the body."
"Define a dipolar molecule."	"A dipolar molecule is one that has an unevenly distributed charge. In the case of water, the oxygen atom is slightly negative, and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive."
"Explain the concept of high specific heat capacity in relation to water."	"High specific heat capacity means that a lot of energy is required to raise the temperature of water. This is because some of the heat energy is used to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. This property helps organisms maintain a relatively stable internal temperature."
"What does it mean for a molecule to be hydrophobic and provide an example."	"Hydrophobic molecules are non-polar molecules that are repelled by water. An example of a hydrophobic substance is lipids."
"Define hydrophilic molecules and give an example."	"Hydrophilic are polar molecules that are attracted to water. An example of a hydrophilic substance is water itself."
"What is the effect of water's large latent heat of vaporisation?"	"Water's large latent heat of vaporisation provides a cooling effect with loss of water through evaporation. This is important for temperature regulation in living organisms."
"Explain the significance of water's high heat capacity."	"Water's high heat capacity allows it to buffer temperature. This means it can absorb or release a large amount of heat without significantly changing its own temperature."
"Why is water considered a good solvent?"	"Water is a good solvent because many substances dissolve in it. Polar or charged molecules dissolve readily in water due to the fact that water is dipolar. The slight positive charge on hydrogen atoms will attract any negative solutes, and the slight negative charge on the oxygen atoms of water will attract any positive ions in solutes."
"Describe the role of water as a metabolite."	"Water is involved in many reactions, such as photosynthesis, hydrolysis, and condensation reactions. This is why it is essential that approximately 90% of the plasma in blood is water and the cytoplasm in cells is largely composed of water."
"List the 5 key properties of water."	"1. It is a metabolite (e.g. in condensation and hydrolysis reactions). 2. An important solvent in reactions. 3. Has a high heat capacity, which buffers temperature. 4. Has a large latent heat of vaporisation, providing a cooling effect with loss of water through evaporation. 5. Has strong cohesion between water molecules; this supports water columns and provides surface tension."
"How do hydrogen bonds form in water molecules?"	"Hydrogen bonds form between different water molecules between the oxygen of one molecule and a hydrogen atom of another."

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This property is beneficial for organisms, as it allows for efficient cooling through processes like sweating.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273901,"front":"Which structural feature of water provides strong cohesion, a high latent heat of vaporisation, and a high specific heat capacity?","back":"Hydrogen bonds between water molecules provide strong cohesion, a high latent heat of vaporisation, and a high specific heat capacity.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":1,"explanation":"Hydrogen bonds between water molecules contribute to its unique properties. These bonds are formed between the positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the negatively charged oxygen atom of another. This results in strong cohesion, allowing water molecules to stick together. Hydrogen bonds also require a significant amount of energy to break, leading to a high latent heat of vaporisation. Additionally, these bonds help water to absorb and retain heat, giving it a high specific heat capacity.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273891,"front":"What structural feature of water makes it a good solvent?","back":"The dipolar nature of water makes it a good solvent.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":2,"explanation":"The dipolar nature of water is what makes it a good solvent. Water molecules have a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. This polarity allows water to interact with other polar molecules, such as ions or other polar compounds, by forming hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds help dissolve and separate solute particles, making water an effective solvent for many substances.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273886,"front":"What is the term given to describe the uneven distribution of electrical charges in water?","back":"The term given to describe the uneven distribution of electrical charges in water is 'dipolar'.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":3,"explanation":"The uneven distribution of electrical charges in water is referred to as \"dipolar.\" This term is used because water molecules have a polar nature, with a slightly positive charge on one end and a slightly negative charge on the other. This polarity allows water molecules to attract and interact with other charged particles, making water a good solvent for many substances.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273879,"front":"What holds oxygen and hydrogen together within a water molecule?","back":"Oxygen and hydrogen within a water molecule are held together by covalent bonds.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":4,"explanation":"Oxygen and hydrogen within a water molecule are held together by covalent bonds. Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons, resulting in a stable arrangement. In the case of water, oxygen shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms, forming a stable molecule. This sharing of electrons creates a strong bond that holds the atoms together.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273875,"front":"How does cohesion provide surface tension to water and what is its significance?","back":"Cohesion provides surface tension to water, enabling small invertebrates to move and live on the surface, providing them a habitat away from predators within water.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":5,"explanation":"Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules. This attraction creates a \"sticky\" property, allowing water molecules to stick together and form a surface tension. Surface tension enables small invertebrates to move and live on the water's surface, creating a habitat away from predators within the water. This is significant as it provides a unique environment for these organisms to thrive.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273871,"front":"How does cohesion contribute to the movement of water in plants?","back":"Due to water molecules sticking together, when water moves up the xylem in plants due to transpiration, it is as a continuous column of water. This is advantageous as it is easier to draw up a column rather than individual molecules.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":6,"explanation":"Cohesion, the attraction between water molecules, plays a crucial role in the movement of water in plants. As water evaporates from the leaves through transpiration, the cohesive forces between water molecules allow them to form a continuous column in the xylem. This column of water can be drawn up through the plant more efficiently than individual water molecules, ensuring a steady flow of water and nutrients to the upper parts of the plant.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273858,"front":"Describe the process by which heat energy is transferred from the skin to water during evaporation.","back":"Large amounts of heat energy from the skin are transferred to the water to evaporate it, thereby removing a lot of heat and cooling the organism.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":7,"explanation":"During evaporation, heat energy from the skin is used to break the intermolecular bonds in water, allowing it to change from a liquid to a gas. 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This is crucial for maintaining optimal internal conditions for biological processes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273718,"front":"Define a dipolar molecule.","back":"A dipolar molecule is one that has an unevenly distributed charge. In the case of water, the oxygen atom is slightly negative, and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":9,"explanation":"A dipolar molecule is characterized by an unequal distribution of electrical charge, resulting in a positive and negative end. This occurs due to differences in electronegativity between atoms, leading to a partial separation of charges within the molecule. Water exemplifies this with its polar covalent bonds.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273843,"front":"Explain the concept of high specific heat capacity in relation to water.","back":"High specific heat capacity means that a lot of energy is required to raise the temperature of water. This is because some of the heat energy is used to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. This property helps organisms maintain a relatively stable internal temperature.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":10,"explanation":"Water's high specific heat capacity is due to the extensive hydrogen bonding between its molecules. This means it can absorb and release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change. This property is crucial for stabilizing temperatures in organisms and environments, making water a vital component for life.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273842,"front":"What does it mean for a molecule to be hydrophobic and provide an example.","back":"Hydrophobic molecules are non-polar molecules that are repelled by water. An example of a hydrophobic substance is lipids.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":11,"explanation":"Hydrophobic molecules are non-polar, meaning they don't interact well with polar substances like water. This is due to differences in their electrical charges. Lipids, such as fats and oils, are a classic example of hydrophobic molecules due to their non-polar nature.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273839,"front":"Define hydrophilic molecules and give an example.","back":"Hydrophilic are polar molecules that are attracted to water. An example of a hydrophilic substance is water itself.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":12,"explanation":"Hydrophilic molecules are attracted to water due to their polarity. This attraction is a result of the molecule's ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Water is a prime example of a hydrophilic substance because of its polar nature and its ability to dissolve many other polar substances.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273833,"front":"What is the effect of water's large latent heat of vaporisation?","back":"Water's large latent heat of vaporisation provides a cooling effect with loss of water through evaporation. This is important for temperature regulation in living organisms.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":13,"explanation":"Water's large latent heat of vaporization allows it to absorb a significant amount of heat when it evaporates, leading to a cooling effect. This is crucial for temperature regulation in living organisms, as it helps prevent overheating. Additionally, this property is important for various natural processes, such as the water cycle and climate regulation.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273823,"front":"Explain the significance of water's high heat capacity.","back":"Water's high heat capacity allows it to buffer temperature. This means it can absorb or release a large amount of heat without significantly changing its own temperature.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":14,"explanation":"Water's high heat capacity is significant because it helps regulate temperature in both living organisms and the environment. This property allows water to stabilize temperature fluctuations, making it essential for supporting life and maintaining stable ecosystems.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273814,"front":"Why is water considered a good solvent?","back":"Water is a good solvent because many substances dissolve in it. Polar or charged molecules dissolve readily in water due to the fact that water is dipolar. The slight positive charge on hydrogen atoms will attract any negative solutes, and the slight negative charge on the oxygen atoms of water will attract any positive ions in solutes.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":15,"explanation":"Water is a good solvent due to its dipolar nature. The positive charge on hydrogen atoms attracts negative solutes, while the negative charge on oxygen atoms attracts positive ions in solutes. This allows many substances to dissolve in water, making it an effective solvent.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273796,"front":"Describe the role of water as a metabolite.","back":"Water is involved in many reactions, such as photosynthesis, hydrolysis, and condensation reactions. This is why it is essential that approximately 90% of the plasma in blood is water and the cytoplasm in cells is largely composed of water.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":16,"explanation":"Water is a crucial metabolite due to its involvement in various biochemical reactions. It participates in processes like photosynthesis, hydrolysis, and condensation reactions. Its abundance in the plasma of blood and cytoplasm of cells is essential for facilitating these reactions. Water's unique properties, such as its ability to dissolve many substances and act as a solvent, make it an ideal medium for metabolic reactions to occur.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273771,"front":"List the 5 key properties of water.","back":"1. It is a metabolite (e.g. in condensation and hydrolysis reactions). 2. An important solvent in reactions. 3. Has a high heat capacity, which buffers temperature. 4. Has a large latent heat of vaporisation, providing a cooling effect with loss of water through evaporation. 5. Has strong cohesion between water molecules; this supports water columns and provides surface tension.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":17,"explanation":"Water's properties are crucial for life. Its role as a metabolite and solvent is essential for biochemical reactions. Its high heat capacity and latent heat of vaporization help regulate temperature. Strong cohesion and surface tension support life in aquatic environments.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1273734,"front":"How do hydrogen bonds form in water molecules?","back":"Hydrogen bonds form between different water molecules between the oxygen of one molecule and a hydrogen atom of another.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":18,"explanation":"Hydrogen bonds form in water due to the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This creates a partial positive charge on hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen, allowing them to attract each other and form hydrogen bonds.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"J3vdL","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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