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Define Homeostasis.

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment via physiological control systems. These control systems keep temperature, blood pH, blood glucose, and water potential within set limits.

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"Define Homeostasis."	"Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment via physiological control systems. These control systems keep temperature, blood pH, blood glucose, and water potential within set limits."
"Describe the role of negative feedback in homeostasis."	"Negative feedback is how deviation from the normal values are restored systems to their original level. This involves the nervous system and often hormones too."
"How does the body control blood glucose levels?"	"The pancreas detects changes in the blood glucose levels and contains endocrine cells in the Islets of Langerhans which release the hormones insulin and glucagon to bring blood glucose levels back to normal. Adrenaline is released by adrenal glands if your body anticipates danger and results in more glucose being released from stores of glycogen in the liver."
"Define Glycogenesis."	"Glycogenesis is the process of when excess glucose is converted to glycogen in blood glucose is higher than normal. This occurs in the liver and the liver can store 75-100g of glycogen."
"Explain the consequences of high and low body temperature on enzymes."	"If body temperature is too low, there will be insufficient kinetic energy for enzyme-controlled reactions. If body temperature is too high, enzymes will denature. Either way, metabolic reactions could slow to the point that cells die."
"Describe the impact of high and low blood glucose levels on cell function."	"If blood glucose levels are too high, then this will lower the water potential of the blood and water will leave surrounding cells by osmosis, preventing normal cell function. If the water potential of the blood is too low, water will move into cells by osmosis and can cause them to burst."
"Describe the process of Glycogenolysis."	"Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose in the liver. This occurs when blood glucose levels are lower than normal."
"Define Gluconeogenesis and when does it occur?"	"Gluconeogenesis is the process of creating glucose from non-carbohydrate stores in the liver. This will occur if all glycogen has already been hydrolyzed back into glucose and your body still needs more glucose."
"How does insulin decrease blood glucose levels?"	"Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by attaching to receptors on the surfaces of target cells, incorporating more protein carriers into cell membranes so that more glucose is absorbed from the blood into cells, and activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glucose to glycogen."
"Explain the action of glucagon."	"Glucagon decreases blood glucose levels by attaching to receptors on the surfaces of target cells, activating a protein to convert ATP into a molecule called Cyclic AMP (cAMP), and activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glycerol and amino acids into glucose."
"What is the role of adrenaline in glucose regulation?"	"Adrenaline attaches to receptors on the surfaces of target cells, activating a protein (G protein) to convert ATP into cAMP. cAMP then activates an enzyme that can hydrolyze glycogen into glucose. This is known as the second messenger model of adrenaline and glucagon action."
"Describe Type I diabetes and its treatment."	"Type I diabetes is a condition where the body is unable to produce insulin, often starting in childhood and possibly due to an autoimmune disease where the beta cells are attacked. The treatment for Type I diabetes typically involves the injection of insulin."
"Define Type II diabetes and how it is controlled."	"Type II diabetes is a condition where receptors on the target cells lose their responsiveness to insulin. It usually develops in adults due to obesity and poor diet. It is controlled by regulating the intake of carbohydrates, increasing exercise, and sometimes through insulin injections."
"Explain the process of osmoregulation."	"Osmoregulation is the process of controlling the water potential of the blood. This process occurs in the nephron, a structure in the kidney where the blood is filtered and useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood."
"Describe the function of the Bowman's (renal) capsule in the nephron."	"The Bowman's (renal) capsule is where ultrafiltration occurs. This is due to the afferent arteriole (entering the glomerulus) being wider than the efferent arteriole (leaving the glomerulus), creating high hydrostatic pressure. Small molecules and water are forced out of the capillaries into the renal capsule, while large proteins and blood cells remain in the blood."
"Explain the role of the proximal convoluted tubule in the nephron."	"The walls of the proximal convoluted tubule are made of microvilli epithelial cells to provide a large surface area for the diffusion of glucose into the cells from the PCT. Glucose is then actively transported out of the cells into the intercellular space to create a concentration gradient, allowing glucose to diffuse back into the blood."
"Describe the function of the Loop of Henle in the nephron."	"In the Loop of Henle, sodium ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb into the medulla to create a low water potential. Water moves out of the descending limb and out of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct by osmosis due to this water potential gradient."
"What does the liquid remaining in the collecting duct form and what does it contain?"	"The liquid remaining in the collecting duct forms the urine. It contains water, dissolved salts, urea, and other substances such as hormones."
"Describe the role of the hypothalamus in monitoring the water potential of the blood."	"The hypothalamus in the brain monitors the water potential of the blood. If the water potential of the blood decreases, water will move out of the osmoreceptor cells by osmosis, causing the cells to shrivel. This triggers other cells in the hypothalamus, which send a signal to the posterior pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) into the blood."
"Define the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body."	"ADH binds to complementary receptors that are only located on target cells in the DCT and collecting duct. When it binds, it activates adenyl cyclase to make cAMP. This activates an enzyme that causes vesicles containing aquaporins to fuse with the membrane, making it more permeable to water and allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood."
"How do hormones affect only their target cells and not other cells?"	"Hormones only affect their target cells because they bind to specific complementary receptors that are only located on the surface membrane of these target cells."
"Explain the harmful effects of having too much glucose in the blood."	"Having too much glucose in the blood is harmful because it reduces the water potential of the blood."
"Explain the harmful effects of having not enough glucose in the blood."	"Having not enough glucose in the blood is harmful because glucose is needed for respiration."
"From where is ADH released?"	"ADH is released from the posterior pituitary gland."
"What does ADH stand for?"	"ADH stands for anti-diuretic hormone."
"Describe the effect of ADH on the collecting duct."	"ADH makes the membrane of the collecting duct more permeable to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood."

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[{"id":1331108,"front":"Define Homeostasis.","back":"Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment via physiological control systems. These control systems keep temperature, blood pH, blood glucose, and water potential within set limits.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Homeostasis is crucial for the proper functioning of living organisms. It allows the body to maintain stability and balance in its internal environment, despite external changes. This is achieved through various physiological control systems that regulate important variables such as temperature, pH, glucose levels, and water potential. By keeping these variables within specific limits, homeostasis ensures optimal conditions for cellular processes and overall health.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331114,"front":"Describe the role of negative feedback in homeostasis.","back":"Negative feedback is how deviation from the normal values are restored systems to their original level. This involves the nervous system and often hormones too.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism that helps maintain stability in a system. In homeostasis, it acts to counteract any deviations from the normal values and restore the system to its original level. This process involves the coordination of the nervous system and often the release of hormones to bring about the necessary adjustments. By continuously monitoring and responding to changes, negative feedback ensures that the body's internal environment remains within a narrow range, allowing for optimal functioning.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331115,"front":"How does the body control blood glucose levels?","back":"The pancreas detects changes in the blood glucose levels and contains endocrine cells in the Islets of Langerhans which release the hormones insulin and glucagon to bring blood glucose levels back to normal. Adrenaline is released by adrenal glands if your body anticipates danger and results in more glucose being released from stores of glycogen in the liver.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels through the release of insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels, while glucagon raises them. Additionally, adrenaline can trigger the release of stored glucose in times of stress or danger.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331116,"front":"Define Glycogenesis.","back":"Glycogenesis is the process of when excess glucose is converted to glycogen in blood glucose is higher than normal. This occurs in the liver and the liver can store 75-100g of glycogen.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Glycogenesis is a crucial metabolic process that occurs when blood glucose levels are elevated. It involves the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen, primarily taking place in the liver. This mechanism allows the body to store glycogen for future energy needs. The liver's capacity to store a significant amount of glycogen underscores its vital role in regulating blood glucose levels.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331117,"front":"Explain the consequences of high and low body temperature on enzymes.","back":"If body temperature is too low, there will be insufficient kinetic energy for enzyme-controlled reactions. If body temperature is too high, enzymes will denature. Either way, metabolic reactions could slow to the point that cells die.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Enzymes are sensitive to temperature. Low body temperature reduces kinetic energy, slowing down enzyme reactions. High temperature denatures enzymes, rendering them ineffective. Both scenarios can lead to a decrease in metabolic reactions, potentially resulting in cell death.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331122,"front":"Describe the impact of high and low blood glucose levels on cell function.","back":"If blood glucose levels are too high, then this will lower the water potential of the blood and water will leave surrounding cells by osmosis, preventing normal cell function. If the water potential of the blood is too low, water will move into cells by osmosis and can cause them to burst.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"High blood glucose levels can lead to dehydration of cells due to water leaving them by osmosis. This can impair normal cell function. On the other hand, low blood glucose levels can cause water to enter cells by osmosis, potentially causing them to burst. Maintaining balanced blood glucose levels is crucial for proper cell function.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331135,"front":"Describe the process of Glycogenolysis.","back":"Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose in the liver. This occurs when blood glucose levels are lower than normal.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Glycogenolysis is a process that occurs in the liver when blood glucose levels are low. It involves the breakdown of glycogen, a stored form of glucose, into glucose molecules. This provides a source of glucose for the body to use as energy. Glycogenolysis is an important mechanism to maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range and ensure a steady supply of energy for the body's cells.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331146,"front":"Define Gluconeogenesis and when does it occur?","back":"Gluconeogenesis is the process of creating glucose from non-carbohydrate stores in the liver. This will occur if all glycogen has already been hydrolyzed back into glucose and your body still needs more glucose.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the liver when the body needs glucose but glycogen stores are depleted. It involves the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol. This process ensures a constant supply of glucose for vital functions, especially during fasting or prolonged exercise when glucose levels are low. The liver plays a crucial role in gluconeogenesis, converting these non-carbohydrate molecules into glucose to maintain blood sugar levels and provide energy to the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331154,"front":"How does insulin decrease blood glucose levels?","back":"Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by attaching to receptors on the surfaces of target cells, incorporating more protein carriers into cell membranes so that more glucose is absorbed from the blood into cells, and activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glucose to glycogen.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Insulin decreases blood glucose levels by binding to specific receptors on target cells. This binding triggers the incorporation of more protein carriers into cell membranes, allowing for increased glucose uptake from the blood into cells. Additionally, insulin activates enzymes that facilitate the conversion of glucose into glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscles. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the overall decrease in blood glucose levels.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331165,"front":"Explain the action of glucagon.","back":"Glucagon decreases blood glucose levels by attaching to receptors on the surfaces of target cells, activating a protein to convert ATP into a molecule called Cyclic AMP (cAMP), and activating enzymes involved in the conversion of glycerol and amino acids into glucose.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Glucagon is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. It binds to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a cascade of events. This includes the activation of a protein that converts ATP into cAMP, a signaling molecule. cAMP then activates enzymes involved in the conversion of glycerol and amino acids into glucose. Ultimately, this process leads to an increase in blood glucose levels.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331178,"front":"What is the role of adrenaline in glucose regulation?","back":"Adrenaline attaches to receptors on the surfaces of target cells, activating a protein (G protein) to convert ATP into cAMP. cAMP then activates an enzyme that can hydrolyze glycogen into glucose. This is known as the second messenger model of adrenaline and glucagon action.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Adrenaline plays a crucial role in glucose regulation by activating a signaling pathway in target cells. It binds to receptors on the cell surface, triggering the conversion of ATP into cAMP. This molecule then activates an enzyme that breaks down glycogen into glucose. This mechanism is referred to as the second messenger model of adrenaline and glucagon action. By mobilizing glucose from glycogen stores, adrenaline helps to increase blood sugar levels, providing energy during times of stress or physical activity.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331190,"front":"Describe Type I diabetes and its treatment.","back":"Type I diabetes is a condition where the body is unable to produce insulin, often starting in childhood and possibly due to an autoimmune disease where the beta cells are attacked. The treatment for Type I diabetes typically involves the injection of insulin.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Type I diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin. It usually begins in childhood and is often caused by an autoimmune response that damages the beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin injections are the primary treatment for Type I diabetes, as they help regulate blood sugar levels. Managing the condition requires careful monitoring of blood glucose levels, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and medication adjustments as needed.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331207,"front":"Define Type II diabetes and how it is controlled.","back":"Type II diabetes is a condition where receptors on the target cells lose their responsiveness to insulin. It usually develops in adults due to obesity and poor diet. It is controlled by regulating the intake of carbohydrates, increasing exercise, and sometimes through insulin injections.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":null,"deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331215,"front":"Explain the process of osmoregulation.","back":"Osmoregulation is the process of controlling the water potential of the blood. This process occurs in the nephron, a structure in the kidney where the blood is filtered and useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Osmoregulation is necessary to maintain the balance of water and solutes in the body. The nephron plays a crucial role in this process by filtering the blood and reabsorbing important substances. By controlling the water potential of the blood, osmoregulation ensures that the body's cells are not dehydrated or overhydrated. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis and proper bodily functions.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331228,"front":"Describe the function of the Bowman's (renal) capsule in the nephron.","back":"The Bowman's (renal) capsule is where ultrafiltration occurs. This is due to the afferent arteriole (entering the glomerulus) being wider than the efferent arteriole (leaving the glomerulus), creating high hydrostatic pressure. Small molecules and water are forced out of the capillaries into the renal capsule, while large proteins and blood cells remain in the blood.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Bowman's (renal) capsule plays a crucial role in the nephron by facilitating ultrafiltration. This process occurs due to the difference in diameter between the afferent and efferent arterioles, resulting in high hydrostatic pressure. As a result, small molecules and water are forced out of the capillaries and into the renal capsule, while larger proteins and blood cells are retained in the blood. This selective filtration allows for the removal of waste products and the reabsorption of essential substances in the formation of urine.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331234,"front":"Explain the role of the proximal convoluted tubule in the nephron.","back":"The walls of the proximal convoluted tubule are made of microvilli epithelial cells to provide a large surface area for the diffusion of glucose into the cells from the PCT. Glucose is then actively transported out of the cells into the intercellular space to create a concentration gradient, allowing glucose to diffuse back into the blood.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) plays a crucial role in the nephron by reabsorbing important substances from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. The microvilli on the PCT cells increase the surface area for efficient reabsorption. Specifically, the PCT reabsorbs glucose through active transport, creating a concentration gradient that allows glucose to diffuse back into the blood. This process helps maintain glucose homeostasis in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331235,"front":"Describe the function of the Loop of Henle in the nephron.","back":"In the Loop of Henle, sodium ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb into the medulla to create a low water potential. Water moves out of the descending limb and out of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct by osmosis due to this water potential gradient.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Loop of Henle plays a crucial role in the reabsorption of water and sodium ions in the nephron. It actively transports sodium ions out of the ascending limb, creating a low water potential in the medulla. This gradient allows water to move out of the descending limb and other parts of the nephron by osmosis. This process helps in the concentration of urine and the regulation of water balance in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331240,"front":"What does the liquid remaining in the collecting duct form and what does it contain?","back":"The liquid remaining in the collecting duct forms the urine. It contains water, dissolved salts, urea, and other substances such as hormones.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The liquid remaining in the collecting duct forms urine, which is the final product of the filtration and reabsorption processes in the kidneys. It contains water, dissolved salts, urea, and other substances like hormones. The collecting duct plays a crucial role in concentrating the urine by reabsorbing water and regulating the balance of electrolytes in the body. This process helps maintain the body's fluid balance and eliminate waste products from the bloodstream.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331247,"front":"Describe the role of the hypothalamus in monitoring the water potential of the blood.","back":"The hypothalamus in the brain monitors the water potential of the blood. If the water potential of the blood decreases, water will move out of the osmoreceptor cells by osmosis, causing the cells to shrivel. This triggers other cells in the hypothalamus, which send a signal to the posterior pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) into the blood.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in monitoring the water potential of the blood. It contains osmoreceptor cells that detect changes in water potential. When the water potential decreases, these cells shrink, triggering a response in other cells of the hypothalamus. This response involves the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland. ADH acts on the kidneys, promoting water reabsorption and reducing urine production, ultimately helping to maintain water balance in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331268,"front":"Define the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body.","back":"ADH binds to complementary receptors that are only located on target cells in the DCT and collecting duct. When it binds, it activates adenyl cyclase to make cAMP. This activates an enzyme that causes vesicles containing aquaporins to fuse with the membrane, making it more permeable to water and allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body. It acts on specific receptors in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys. When ADH binds to these receptors, it triggers a cascade of events that ultimately increase the permeability of the cell membrane to water. This allows for more water to be reabsorbed from the urine back into the bloodstream, reducing urine output and helping to maintain proper hydration levels.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331278,"front":"How do hormones affect only their target cells and not other cells?","back":"Hormones only affect their target cells because they bind to specific complementary receptors that are only located on the surface membrane of these target cells.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Hormones are able to affect only their target cells due to the specificity of their receptors. Each hormone has a unique molecular structure that allows it to bind only to specific receptors on the surface of target cells. These receptors act like a lock and key system, ensuring that only the hormone that fits the receptor can activate the target cell. This specificity prevents hormones from affecting other cells that do not have the appropriate receptors.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331289,"front":"Explain the harmful effects of having too much glucose in the blood.","back":"Having too much glucose in the blood is harmful because it reduces the water potential of the blood.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Having too much glucose in the blood can lead to harmful effects due to its impact on the water potential of the blood. This means that the concentration of glucose in the blood becomes higher than normal, which can disrupt the balance of fluids in the body. This can result in increased thirst, frequent urination, dehydration, and potentially lead to more serious complications such as kidney damage, nerve damage, and cardiovascular problems.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331296,"front":"Explain the harmful effects of having not enough glucose in the blood.","back":"Having not enough glucose in the blood is harmful because glucose is needed for respiration.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Glucose is the primary source of energy for our body's cells, especially the brain. Insufficient glucose in the blood can lead to a lack of energy, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and difficulty concentrating. It can also cause hypoglycemia, which can lead to dizziness, confusion, and even loss of consciousness. Additionally, low blood glucose levels can impair the body's ability to regulate insulin and can have long-term effects on overall health.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331304,"front":"From where is ADH released?","back":"ADH is released from the posterior pituitary gland.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"ADH, also known as antidiuretic hormone, is released from the posterior pituitary gland. This gland is located at the base of the brain and is responsible for releasing various hormones into the bloodstream. ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. It is released in response to changes in blood osmolarity or blood volume, helping to maintain proper hydration levels.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331309,"front":"What does ADH stand for?","back":"ADH stands for anti-diuretic hormone.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"ADH is an acronym that stands for a hormone called anti-diuretic hormone. This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating the body's water balance by reducing urine production and increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. ADH also helps maintain blood pressure and prevent dehydration.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1331316,"front":"Describe the effect of ADH on the collecting duct.","back":"ADH makes the membrane of the collecting duct more permeable to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed back into the blood.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body. It acts on the collecting duct in the kidneys, increasing its permeability to water. This allows more water to be reabsorbed from the urine back into the bloodstream, reducing urine output and helping to conserve water. By making the collecting duct more permeable to water, ADH helps to maintain proper hydration levels in the body.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"FPCHW","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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