Species & TaxonomyFlashcards - AQA Biology

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Species & Taxonomy

A-Level AQA Biology

This pack of flashcards covers fundamental concepts in biological classification and taxonomy, including the definition of species, the binomial naming system, the Linnaeus classification hierarchy, and phylogeny. It also delves into species relatedness through DNA and protein comparisons, courtship behaviors in animals, and the importance of universal nomenclature in biology.

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"Define the concept of a species in biological terms."	"In biological terms, a species is defined as two organisms that can produce fertile offspring. If they produce offspring that are infertile, those offspring are classified as hybrids, not a species."
"What are the two additional factors considered when defining a species?"	"The two additional factors considered when defining a species are: similarity in physical features, biochemistry, and DNA, and occupying the same ecological niche."
"Describe the purpose of the binomial naming system in biology."	"The binomial naming system in biology is universal and is used to avoid confusion and errors that could arise if different names were used in different countries. It involves naming individuals after their genus and species, such as Homo sapiens for humans."
"What is the Linnaeus classification system and what are its components?"	"The Linnaeus classification system is a hierarchical system used to organize species. It is made up of the following taxa: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Each level is known as a taxon, and there are no overlaps between each group."
"How does the Linnaeus classification system organize species?"	"The Linnaeus classification system organizes species using smaller groups placed within larger groups, with no overlaps between each group. Each level in this system is known as a taxon (taxa in plural)."
"Why is it important to have a universal naming system for species?"	"A universal naming system for species is important to avoid confusion and errors that could arise from different names being used in different countries. It also aids in the accurate estimation of the number of individuals of different species."
"Describe the purpose of the universal classification system for organisms."	"The universal classification system for organisms helps us understand relationships between organisms and keep track of changes. It classifies organisms into categories such as Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species."
"Define the term 'phylogeny' in the context of biology."	"Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary origins of groups of organisms. It is a way to determine how closely related species are, based on their shared common ancestors."
"How is a phylogenetic tree used in the study of organisms?"	"A phylogenetic tree is used to illustrate the evolutionary origins and relationships of species. Each branch in the phylogenetic tree indicates a common ancestor the species evolved from."
"How does the DNA base sequence of organisms help in determining their relatedness?"	"The DNA base sequence of organisms for particular genes can be compared as a measure of how closely related organisms are. The more closely related the species, the higher the degree of similarity in the base sequences. Distantly related organisms usually show fewer similarities due to accumulated mutations over time."
"Explain how the sequence of amino acids in proteins can indicate the degree of relatedness between species."	"The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain of proteins, determined by DNA, can be compared to show how closely related species are. The degree of similarity between the amino acid sequence of the same protein in 2 species will indicate their relatedness. A common protein compared between species is cytochrome C, found in the mitochondria of most species."
"Define courtship behavior in animals."	"Courtship behavior is the term given to the different behaviors that animals demonstrate to attract a mate. Each species demonstrates its unique behavior, and this is essential for successful mating."
"How does courtship behavior contribute to the survival of offspring?"	"Courtship behavior can result in increased survival of the offspring. This is because the ritual will help form a pair bond between the parents, so they may be more likely to stay together and raise the offspring as a team. It also allows females to select a strong and healthy mate to reproduce with and therefore ensures more successful alleles are passed on."
"Describe the conditions under which animals display courtship behaviors."	"Animals will only display the courtship behaviors when they are sexually mature and fertile. This helps synchronize mating behavior so that the animals are more likely to mate when the female is releasing eggs."
"Explain the concept of a hierarchy in the context of species and taxonomy."	"A hierarchy in the context of species and taxonomy refers to the organization of organisms into smaller or larger groups with no overlap."
"What is the binomial name for humans?"	"The binomial name for humans is Homo sapien."
"Why is the binomial system universally important?"	"The binomial system is universally important because it allows for the sharing of data across different regions and languages."
"Why is classification useful in the study of organisms?"	"Classification is useful in the study of organisms because it helps to organize and categorize them for better understanding and study."

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Define the concept of a species in biological terms.

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In biological terms, a species is defined as two organisms that can produce fertile offspring. If they produce offspring that are infertile, those offspring are classified as hybrids, not a species.

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[{"id":1328792,"front":"Define the concept of a species in biological terms.","back":"In biological terms, a species is defined as two organisms that can produce fertile offspring. If they produce offspring that are infertile, those offspring are classified as hybrids, not a species.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The biological definition of a species is based on the ability of two organisms to produce fertile offspring. This criterion helps distinguish between different species and is fundamental to understanding the diversity of life on Earth. It also plays a crucial role in fields such as evolutionary biology and conservation.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328800,"front":"What are the two additional factors considered when defining a species?","back":"The two additional factors considered when defining a species are: similarity in physical features, biochemistry, and DNA, and occupying the same ecological niche.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"When defining a species, considering similarity in physical features, biochemistry, and DNA helps determine genetic relatedness. Occupying the same ecological niche indicates how they interact with their environment, influencing their evolutionary path. These factors aid in understanding species boundaries.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328813,"front":"Describe the purpose of the binomial naming system in biology.","back":"The binomial naming system in biology is universal and is used to avoid confusion and errors that could arise if different names were used in different countries. It involves naming individuals after their genus and species, such as Homo sapiens for humans.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The binomial naming system in biology serves to provide a universal method for naming and categorizing species. This helps to avoid confusion and discrepancies that could arise from using different names in different regions. By using a standardized format of genus and species names, such as Homo sapiens for humans, the system ensures clarity and accuracy in scientific communication and classification.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328827,"front":"What is the Linnaeus classification system and what are its components?","back":"The Linnaeus classification system is a hierarchical system used to organize species. It is made up of the following taxa: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Each level is known as a taxon, and there are no overlaps between each group.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Linnaeus classification system, developed by Carl Linnaeus, is a hierarchical method for categorizing and organizing living organisms based on their shared characteristics. It consists of distinct taxa, including Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species, with no overlap between groups. This system provides a structured approach for understanding the relationships and diversity among different species.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328833,"front":"How does the Linnaeus classification system organize species?","back":"The Linnaeus classification system organizes species using smaller groups placed within larger groups, with no overlaps between each group. Each level in this system is known as a taxon (taxa in plural).","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Linnaeus classification system organizes species into a hierarchical structure based on shared characteristics. This system allows for easy identification and categorization of organisms, providing a standardized way to understand and study the diversity of life on Earth.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328834,"front":"Why is it important to have a universal naming system for species?","back":"A universal naming system for species is important to avoid confusion and errors that could arise from different names being used in different countries. It also aids in the accurate estimation of the number of individuals of different species.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"A universal naming system for species is crucial for consistency and accuracy in scientific communication and research. It prevents confusion and errors caused by regional variations in naming. Additionally, it facilitates precise estimation of species populations.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328844,"front":"Describe the purpose of the universal classification system for organisms.","back":"The universal classification system for organisms helps us understand relationships between organisms and keep track of changes. It classifies organisms into categories such as Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The universal classification system for organisms serves to organize and categorize the immense diversity of life on Earth. It provides a framework for understanding evolutionary relationships and enables scientists to communicate effectively about different species. This system also aids in identifying and naming new species, contributing to our knowledge of biodiversity.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328849,"front":"Define the term 'phylogeny' in the context of biology.","back":"Phylogeny is the study of the evolutionary origins of groups of organisms. It is a way to determine how closely related species are, based on their shared common ancestors.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Phylogeny is crucial in understanding the evolutionary relationships between different species. By analyzing shared common ancestors, scientists can determine the relatedness of organisms. This aids in various biological studies, including taxonomy, genetics, and ecology.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328856,"front":"How is a phylogenetic tree used in the study of organisms?","back":"A phylogenetic tree is used to illustrate the evolutionary origins and relationships of species. Each branch in the phylogenetic tree indicates a common ancestor the species evolved from.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Phylogenetic trees are crucial in understanding evolutionary relationships among organisms. They visually represent the divergence and common ancestry of species. By analyzing these trees, scientists can infer evolutionary history, genetic relatedness, and make predictions about traits and behaviors.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328862,"front":"How does the DNA base sequence of organisms help in determining their relatedness?","back":"The DNA base sequence of organisms for particular genes can be compared as a measure of how closely related organisms are. The more closely related the species, the higher the degree of similarity in the base sequences. Distantly related organisms usually show fewer similarities due to accumulated mutations over time.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Comparing DNA base sequences allows scientists to assess the degree of similarity between organisms. This similarity indicates their relatedness, with closely related species showing higher sequence similarity. Accumulated mutations over time result in fewer similarities between distantly related organisms. This method provides valuable insights into evolutionary relationships.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328863,"front":"Explain how the sequence of amino acids in proteins can indicate the degree of relatedness between species.","back":"The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain of proteins, determined by DNA, can be compared to show how closely related species are. The degree of similarity between the amino acid sequence of the same protein in 2 species will indicate their relatedness. A common protein compared between species is cytochrome C, found in the mitochondria of most species.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The sequence of amino acids in proteins is determined by the DNA of an organism. Comparing the similarity of these sequences between different species can indicate their degree of relatedness. This is because closely related species are expected to have more similar amino acid sequences in their proteins. Cytochrome C is often used for such comparisons due to its presence in the mitochondria of most species.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328868,"front":"Define courtship behavior in animals.","back":"Courtship behavior is the term given to the different behaviors that animals demonstrate to attract a mate. Each species demonstrates its unique behavior, and this is essential for successful mating.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Courtship behavior in animals refers to specific behaviors displayed to attract a mate. These behaviors vary among species and are crucial for successful mating. They can include displays of strength, agility, or even intricate dances, all aimed at securing a suitable partner for reproduction.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328882,"front":"How does courtship behavior contribute to the survival of offspring?","back":"Courtship behavior can result in increased survival of the offspring. This is because the ritual will help form a pair bond between the parents, so they may be more likely to stay together and raise the offspring as a team. It also allows females to select a strong and healthy mate to reproduce with and therefore ensures more successful alleles are passed on.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Courtship behavior contributes to offspring survival by fostering a strong pair bond between parents, increasing the likelihood of cooperative offspring rearing. Additionally, it enables mate selection for genetic fitness, promoting the transmission of advantageous traits to the next generation.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328883,"front":"Describe the conditions under which animals display courtship behaviors.","back":"Animals will only display the courtship behaviors when they are sexually mature and fertile. This helps synchronize mating behavior so that the animals are more likely to mate when the female is releasing eggs.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Courtship behaviors in animals are crucial for successful reproduction. They typically occur when individuals are ready to mate, ensuring the timing aligns with female fertility. This behavior increases the chances of successful mating and reproduction, contributing to the species' survival.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328896,"front":"Explain the concept of a hierarchy in the context of species and taxonomy.","back":"A hierarchy in the context of species and taxonomy refers to the organization of organisms into smaller or larger groups with no overlap.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"In taxonomy, the hierarchy organizes species into broader categories based on shared characteristics. This system allows for easier classification and understanding of relationships between different organisms. Each level in the hierarchy represents a different degree of relatedness.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328897,"front":"What is the binomial name for humans?","back":"The binomial name for humans is Homo sapien.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The binomial name for humans follows the binomial nomenclature system established by Carl Linnaeus. It consists of two parts: the genus name (Homo) and the species name (sapien). This naming system helps classify and identify organisms based on shared characteristics.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328901,"front":"Why is the binomial system universally important?","back":"The binomial system is universally important because it allows for the sharing of data across different regions and languages.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The binomial system's universal importance lies in its ability to provide a standardized and globally recognized way of naming and categorizing organisms, facilitating effective communication and collaboration in the field of biology worldwide.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1328906,"front":"Why is classification useful in the study of organisms?","back":"Classification is useful in the study of organisms because it helps to organize and categorize them for better understanding and study.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Classification in the study of organisms is essential for identifying relationships, evolutionary history, and characteristics. It allows for easier communication among scientists and aids in making predictions about unknown species based on known classifications. Proper classification also helps in conservation efforts and understanding biodiversity.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"8dStS","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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Species & Taxonomy Flashcards

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