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Questions

1. How did Louis XIV exemplify an absolute monarch?

2. What did Cromwell do after realizing the parliament was corrupt?

3. What was the fate of the Rump Parliament after the civil war?

4. Why did many Puritans flee to America?

5. What was the significance of the execution of Charles I?

6. What was the nature of the conflict between Charles I and the parliament?

7. What was the result of the Glorious Revolution in terms of bloodshed?

8. What military tactics contributed to the New Model Army's success?

9. What did the Puritans believe they were fighting for during the civil war?

10. What was the condition of the ax used to execute Charles I?

11. What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights in 1689?

12. How did the English Bill of Rights change the relationship between the monarchy and Parliament?

13. What were the main ideas of Thomas Hobbes regarding government and human nature?

14. In contrast to Hobbes, what were John Locke's views on government and natural rights?

15. What does the term 'absolutism' refer to in the context of monarchy?

16. What was a key factor that contributed to the victory of the New Model Army?

17. What impact did the events surrounding the English Bill of Rights have on the concept of divine right?

18. What role did Parliament gain as a result of the English Bill of Rights?

19. What was the condition for William and Mary to rule as king and queen?

20. What rights did the English Bill of Rights confirm for citizens?

21. What strategies did Louis XIV use to manage the threat posed by nobles and princes?

22. How did Louis XIV aim to influence the religious landscape in France?

23. What was the size of the standing army established by Louis XIV, and what was its purpose?

24. What were some of the key reforms Peter the Great implemented to modernize Russia?

25. What significant city did Peter the Great establish, and why was it important?

26. What was the role of the secret police created by Peter the Great?

27. What challenges did the Austrian Empire face in achieving a unified state?

28. What were the three main core states of the Austrian Empire?

29. How did the Austrian Empire manage to establish itself after the Ottoman invasion?

30. Who were the Junkers in Prussia, and what was their role?

31. What was the main conflict in the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War?

32. What significant action did Henry IV take to end the civil war in France?

33. What were the main religious groups involved in the French Wars of Religion?

34. What was the outcome of the Peace of Westphalia?

35. How did the Thirty Years' War impact the population of Germany?

36. What role did the Huguenots play in the civil war in France?

37. What was the significance of the Edict of Nantes issued in 1598?

38. What was the main cause of the Thirty Years' War?

39. Which country sided with the Protestants during the Thirty Years' War, and why?

40. What was the relationship between the Catholic kings and Calvinist nobles in Bohemia during the Thirty Years' War?

41. What was the impact of the Peace of Augsburg on Calvinism?

42. What was the duration of the civil war in France?

43. What was the primary motivation behind the militant actions of both Catholics and Protestants during the French Wars of Religion?

44. What was the significance of the Spanish Armada during King Philippe II's reign?

45. How did Henry IV's conversion to Catholicism affect his reign?

46. What was King Philippe II known for in relation to Catholicism?

47. What was the role of Ultra-Catholics in the French Wars of Religion?

48. What was the broader impact of the Thirty Years' War on Europe?

49. What was the relationship between the French kings and the Huguenots during the civil war?

50. What concept was established that allowed nations to decide their own affairs?

51. How did the Holy Roman Empire change after its division?

52. What was the main conflict during the English Civil War?

53. What belief did James I hold regarding his authority?

54. What was the Puritans' main goal regarding the Anglican Church?

55. Who led the parliament to victory in the English Civil War?

56. What was the name of Oliver Cromwell's army?

57. What was the outcome for Charles I after the English Civil War?

58. What type of government was established in England after the monarchy was abolished?

59. What significant event is referred to as the Glorious Revolution?

Answers

1. Louis XIV centralized power by controlling policy-making and using bribery to influence local leaders to enforce his policies.

2. he abolished the parliament and set up a military dictatorship

3. it was purged of non-supporters

4. to escape persecution from Charles I

5. it marked the end of monarchy in England

6. it was over the distribution of power in governing England

7. almost no blood was shed

8. new military tactics and discipline

9. they believed they were fighting for God

10. it was dull, requiring multiple strikes to complete the execution

11. It affirmed Parliament's rights to make laws and levy taxes, restricted the powers of the monarchy, and laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy.

12. It required the monarch to seek Parliament's consent for laws and taxes, thus limiting the monarch's absolute power.

13. Hobbes believed humans are driven by self-preservation and proposed a social contract to form a government to prevent chaos, advocating for absolute monarchy.

14. Locke believed in freedom and equality, that government should protect natural rights, and that people should overthrow a government that fails to do so.

15. Absolutism refers to a system where a single monarch holds total power, often justified by the divine right of kings.

16. their religious zeal and discipline

17. These events destroyed the divine right theory of kingship, leading to the end of absolute monarchy in England.

18. Parliament gained significant power in governing, becoming the central authority in a constitutional monarchy.

19. They had to accept the English Bill of Rights upon taking the throne.

20. It confirmed citizens' rights and required parliamentary consent for raising a standing army.

21. He removed them from the royal council and distracted them with extravagant parties.

22. He established policies to convert Huguenots to Catholicism and eliminate Protestantism.

23. He established a powerful standing army of 900,000 soldiers to increase his military power in Europe.

24. He established a navy, adapted western technology, created secular schools, and mandated beard shaving.

25. He established St. Petersburg as a port with access to Europe, which became an important commercial center and the capital of Russia.

26. The secret police were created to spy on and suppress the people and nobles to maintain his power.

27. They faced challenges due to a diverse national population and the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War.

28. Present-day Austria, today's Czech Republic, and Hungary.

29. They established an empire after defeating the Ottoman Turk invasion in 1683.

30. The Junkers were landed aristocrats who served as staff in the general war commissariat, which became a civil and military government.

31. The conflict involved Catholic kings fighting against Calvinist nobles.

32. He issued the Edict of Nantes, which recognized Catholicism as the official religion and granted rights to Huguenots.

33. The main groups were Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants).

34. It ended the Thirty Years' War and granted new territories to Sweden, France, and their allies.

35. More than 20% of the population died as a result of the war.

36. They were nobles who sought to weaken the power of Catholic French kings.

37. It recognized Catholicism as the official religion and granted rights to Huguenots and Protestants.

38. Religious, political, and territorial factors influenced the conflict.

39. France sided with the Protestants to gain leadership, power, and dominance in Europe.

40. Catholic kings fought against Calvinist nobles.

41. The Peace of Augsburg did not recognize Calvinism, leading to further religious conflicts.

42. The civil war raged for 30 years.

43. Both groups aimed to eliminate one another and aggressively convert others to their faith.

44. It was a strong Spanish army that he used to defend and expand Catholicism.

45. It allowed him to be accepted by the French and helped end the civil war.

46. He was known as the most Catholic king and a supporter of militant Catholicism.

47. They controlled the northern part of France and opposed the Huguenots.

48. It was the final religious war in Europe, leading to significant political changes.

49. Catholic French kings tried to persecute the Huguenots but failed to stop their spread.

50. national sovereignty

51. it was divided into more than 300 independent states

52. the struggle for power between the king and parliament

53. the Divine right of Kings

54. to purify the church of remaining Catholic elements

55. Oliver Cromwell

56. New Model Army

57. he was executed

58. a commonwealth or republic

59. William of Orange's invasion of England

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How did Louis XIV exemplify an absolute monarch?