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Define the term 'Conformity'.

Conformity is when an individual changes their behaviour or beliefs to fit in with those of a group, due to group pressure.

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"Define the term 'Conformity'."	"Conformity is when an individual changes their behaviour or beliefs to fit in with those of a group, due to group pressure."
"Describe 'Internalisation' in the context of conformity."	"Internalisation is when an individual changes their public and private views or behaviour to match those of a group- the group has genuinely changed the person’s mind. This is a long-lasting change and will continue outside of the group situation."
"Explain the concept of 'Identification' in relation to conformity."	"Identification is when an individual changes their public views to match those of a group, because they value the group and wish to be part of it (identify with it). There may be a difference between the individual’s public and private views. The change is likely to last as long as the individual is with the group."
"What does 'Compliance' mean in the context of conformity?"	"Compliance is when an individual changes their public, but not private, behaviour or views to match those of a group-this is a superficial type of conformity. This is a short-term change and will only last as long as the individual in in that situation."
"How does 'Informational social influence (ISI)' explain conformity?"	"Informational social influence (ISI) is when someone is influenced because they look to others for guidance- they are uncertain how to behave and believe the group knows more than them. This happens in new or uncertain situations. ISI tends to lead to internalisation."
"Define 'Normative social influence (NSI)' and its role in conformity."	"Normative social influence (NSI) is when someone is influenced to fit in with the social norms and values of a particular group to gain their approval- they conform in order to not stand out or appear different. The individual’s private views can differ, so NSI often results in compliance."
"What did Lucas et al (2006) find in their study on conformity?"	"Lucas et al (2006) found that when presented with difficult maths problems to solve, participants were more likely to conform to the majority answer, showing that people will conform due to the need for information (ISI)."
"What was the aim of Asch’s Research(1951) on conformity?"	"The aim of Asch’s Research(1951) was to see if people will conform to a majority, even with an obvious answer."
"Describe the procedure of Asch's conformity experiment."	"123 American males participated in groups of 6-8, but only one was a true participant while the rest were confederates. They had to answer out loud which line, from a choice of three, matched a ‘control’ line. There were 18 trials, and on 12 of them, the confederates all gave the same wrong answer. The real participant gave their answer last or last-but-one."
"What were the findings of Asch's conformity experiment?"	"36.8% of the answers given by the participants were conforming answers. 75% of participants conformed at least once."
"What conclusions were drawn from Asch's conformity experiment?"	"People will conform to a majority, even if that majority is wrong. Participants said they conformed in order to fit in."
"How did group size affect conformity in Asch's experiment?"	"Asch found that a majority of 3 (e.g. 4 against 1) causes conformity to rise significantly, to around 30%. Adding people onto the majority did not make much difference."
"How did unanimity affect conformity in Asch's experiment?"	"Asch found that introducing a dissenting confederate, who disagreed with the others, caused conformity to drop significantly."
"What were the limitations of Asch's conformity experiment?"	"The task used was insignificant and not a reflection of real-life conformity. The study only tested American men of undergraduate age, making it hard to generalise the results. The results may be specific to the era, as 1950s USA may have been more conformist due to the fear of communist spies."
"What was the aim of Zimbardo’s Research?"	"To investigate if behaviour in prisons is due to the roles people play, and whether people will conform to a social role."
"Describe the procedure of Zimbardo’s Research."	"The study was set up in the basement of the Psychology department of Stanford University. Participants were advertised for, and randomly assigned to the role of prisoner or prison guard. The prisoners were taken to a local police station, before being transported to the prison. They had to wear a ‘uniform’ and were given numbers to replace their names."
"Describe the role of the guards in the prison study."	"The guards were given their own uniform, including sunglasses that meant their eyes couldn’t be seen. They were told that they could do whatever was necessary to keep order in the prison, short of physically assaulting the prisoners. They used tactics to control the prisoners, such as waking them in the night to perform head counts, trying to break alliances, and making them perform degrading tasks."
"What were the findings of the prison study?"	"The prisoners were initially rebellious, but became increasingly subdued and depressed as the guards acted more brutally. The study had to be stopped after 6 days due to the extreme behavior of the guards. By the end, the guards and prisoners were fully immersed in their roles."
"Define conformity to social roles as demonstrated in the prison study."	"Conformity to social roles is when individuals adapt their behavior to fit the expectations of a given role. In the prison study, the guards and prisoners conformed to their roles to such an extent that they began to exhibit extreme behaviors."
"How did the study measure conformity to a role versus conformity to a stereotype?"	"Critics argue that the study measured conformity to a stereotype rather than a role. This is because some participants based their behavior on characters they had seen in films, rather than on the actual roles they were assigned."
"What were the ethical issues associated with the prison study?"	"The study subjected participants to psychological harm, which could have been long-lasting. The right to withdraw was made difficult, perhaps because the superintendent of the study made it hard for one prisoner to withdraw."
"Describe the concept of normative social influence."	"Normative social influence is a type of social influence that leads to conformity. It is the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them. This can lead to public compliance, but not necessarily private acceptance of the group's norms."
"Define informational conformity."	"Informational conformity is a type of social influence where people look to others in situations where they are unsure about something and assume that these others know more or better. This can lead to both public compliance and private acceptance of the group's norms."

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Define the term 'Conformity'.

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Conformity is when an individual changes their behaviour or beliefs to fit in with those of a group, due to group pressure.

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[{"id":1333015,"front":"Define the term 'Conformity'.","back":"Conformity is when an individual changes their behaviour or beliefs to fit in with those of a group, due to group pressure.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Conformity is a social phenomenon where individuals adjust their behavior or beliefs to align with the norms and expectations of a group. This can occur due to various factors, such as the desire for acceptance, fear of rejection, or the belief that the group's perspective is correct. Conformity can be both explicit, where individuals openly conform, or implicit, where conformity is more subtle. It is a common aspect of human behavior and plays a significant role in shaping social dynamics and group cohesion.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333022,"front":"Describe 'Internalisation' in the context of conformity.","back":"Internalisation is when an individual changes their public and private views or behaviour to match those of a group- the group has genuinely changed the person’s mind. This is a long-lasting change and will continue outside of the group situation.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Internalisation refers to the process in which an individual adopts the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of a group as their own. It involves a genuine change in the person's mindset, leading to a long-lasting transformation in their thoughts and actions. This change persists even when the individual is no longer in the presence of the group, indicating a deep internal acceptance of the group's norms. Internalisation is a powerful form of conformity that goes beyond mere compliance or identification with a group.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333031,"front":"Explain the concept of 'Identification' in relation to conformity.","back":"Identification is when an individual changes their public views to match those of a group, because they value the group and wish to be part of it (identify with it). There may be a difference between the individual’s public and private views. The change is likely to last as long as the individual is with the group.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Identification in relation to conformity refers to the process where an individual alters their public opinions or behaviors to align with a particular group. This occurs because the individual values and desires to be a part of the group, leading to a discrepancy between their public and private views. The extent of this change is likely to persist as long as the individual remains in the group.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333038,"front":"What does 'Compliance' mean in the context of conformity?","back":"Compliance is when an individual changes their public, but not private, behaviour or views to match those of a group-this is a superficial type of conformity. This is a short-term change and will only last as long as the individual in in that situation.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Compliance in conformity involves outwardly conforming to group norms without necessarily internalizing them. It is a temporary adjustment to fit in with the group, without a genuine change in personal beliefs. Compliance tends to be more about social pressure than true acceptance.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333042,"front":"How does 'Informational social influence (ISI)' explain conformity?","back":"Informational social influence (ISI) is when someone is influenced because they look to others for guidance- they are uncertain how to behave and believe the group knows more than them. This happens in new or uncertain situations. ISI tends to lead to internalisation.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Informational social influence (ISI) explains conformity by highlighting how individuals look to others for guidance when they are uncertain about how to behave. In new or ambiguous situations, they believe the group has more knowledge, leading to internalization of the group's beliefs or behaviors.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333043,"front":"Define 'Normative social influence (NSI)' and its role in conformity.","back":"Normative social influence (NSI) is when someone is influenced to fit in with the social norms and values of a particular group to gain their approval- they conform in order to not stand out or appear different. The individual’s private views can differ, so NSI often results in compliance.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Normative social influence (NSI) plays a significant role in conformity by highlighting the impact of social norms and the desire for acceptance within a group. It often leads to compliance rather than genuine belief alignment, as individuals conform to avoid standing out or facing rejection.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333044,"front":"What did Lucas et al (2006) find in their study on conformity?","back":"Lucas et al (2006) found that when presented with difficult maths problems to solve, participants were more likely to conform to the majority answer, showing that people will conform due to the need for information (ISI).","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The study by Lucas et al (2006) revealed that when individuals were faced with challenging math problems, they were more inclined to conform to the majority opinion. This suggests that people tend to conform in order to gain accurate information (ISI) when encountering difficult tasks.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333045,"front":"What was the aim of Asch’s Research(1951) on conformity?","back":"The aim of Asch’s Research(1951) was to see if people will conform to a majority, even with an obvious answer.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Asch's research aimed to investigate whether individuals would conform to a majority opinion, even when it was clearly incorrect. This was a pioneering study in understanding social conformity and the influence of group pressure on individual decision-making.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333046,"front":"Describe the procedure of Asch's conformity experiment.","back":"123 American males participated in groups of 6-8, but only one was a true participant while the rest were confederates. They had to answer out loud which line, from a choice of three, matched a ‘control’ line. There were 18 trials, and on 12 of them, the confederates all gave the same wrong answer. The real participant gave their answer last or last-but-one.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Asch's conformity experiment involved 123 American males in groups of 6-8, with one real participant and the rest confederates. They had to match lines and in 12 out of 18 trials, confederates purposely gave the wrong answer. The real participant answered last or last-but-one.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333047,"front":"What were the findings of Asch's conformity experiment?","back":"36.8% of the answers given by the participants were conforming answers. 75% of participants conformed at least once.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Asch's conformity experiment revealed that a significant portion of participants conformed to incorrect answers given by others, with 75% conforming at least once. This highlights the powerful influence of social pressure on individual decision-making and behavior.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333048,"front":"What conclusions were drawn from Asch's conformity experiment?","back":"People will conform to a majority, even if that majority is wrong. Participants said they conformed in order to fit in.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Asch's conformity experiment highlighted the powerful influence of social pressure on individual behavior. It demonstrated how people may prioritize social acceptance over their own judgment, leading to conformity even when they know the majority is incorrect. This sheds light on the dynamics of group influence and the importance of social norms in shaping behavior.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333049,"front":"How did group size affect conformity in Asch's experiment?","back":"Asch found that a majority of 3 (e.g. 4 against 1) causes conformity to rise significantly, to around 30%. Adding people onto the majority did not make much difference.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"In Asch's experiment, group size had a significant impact on conformity. When the majority consisted of three people, conformity increased significantly to around 30%. However, adding more people to the majority did not have a substantial effect on conformity levels. This suggests that there is a threshold at which the presence of a majority becomes influential in shaping an individual's conformity behavior.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333050,"front":"How did unanimity affect conformity in Asch's experiment?","back":"Asch found that introducing a dissenting confederate, who disagreed with the others, caused conformity to drop significantly.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Asch's experiment demonstrated that the presence of a dissenting confederate led to a notable decrease in conformity among participants. This highlights the powerful impact of unanimity on shaping individual behavior and decision-making within a group setting.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333051,"front":"What were the limitations of Asch's conformity experiment?","back":"The task used was insignificant and not a reflection of real-life conformity. The study only tested American men of undergraduate age, making it hard to generalise the results. The results may be specific to the era, as 1950s USA may have been more conformist due to the fear of communist spies.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Asch's conformity experiment had limitations due to the narrow demographic of American male undergraduates tested, limiting generalizability. The era's unique social context in 1950s USA, with heightened conformity pressures, may have influenced the results. The use of a trivial task also detracted from real-world applicability.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333052,"front":"What was the aim of Zimbardo’s Research?","back":"To investigate if behaviour in prisons is due to the roles people play, and whether people will conform to a social role.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Zimbardo's research aimed to explore the impact of assigned roles on behavior in a simulated prison environment, examining whether individuals would conform to social expectations within that context. This study delved into the psychological dynamics of power and authority within institutional settings.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333053,"front":"Describe the procedure of Zimbardo’s Research.","back":"The study was set up in the basement of the Psychology department of Stanford University. Participants were advertised for, and randomly assigned to the role of prisoner or prison guard. The prisoners were taken to a local police station, before being transported to the prison. They had to wear a ‘uniform’ and were given numbers to replace their names.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Zimbardo's research involved creating a simulated prison environment in the basement of Stanford University's Psychology department. Participants were recruited and randomly assigned roles as prisoners or guards. The prisoners were subjected to dehumanizing conditions, including wearing uniforms and being referred to by numbers instead of names.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333054,"front":"Describe the role of the guards in the prison study.","back":"The guards were given their own uniform, including sunglasses that meant their eyes couldn’t be seen. They were told that they could do whatever was necessary to keep order in the prison, short of physically assaulting the prisoners. They used tactics to control the prisoners, such as waking them in the night to perform head counts, trying to break alliances, and making them perform degrading tasks.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The guards in the prison study were provided with uniforms and sunglasses to deindividualize them, empowering their authority. They were instructed to maintain order without physical violence, leading to the adoption of psychological tactics to assert control over the prisoners. This dynamic showcases the influence of perceived power on behavior.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333055,"front":"What were the findings of the prison study?","back":"The prisoners were initially rebellious, but became increasingly subdued and depressed as the guards acted more brutally. The study had to be stopped after 6 days due to the extreme behavior of the guards. By the end, the guards and prisoners were fully immersed in their roles.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The prison study found that the behavior of the guards became increasingly brutal, leading to a change in the prisoners' demeanor from rebellious to subdued and depressed. This shift in behavior prompted the study to be halted after 6 days. The participants fully embraced their assigned roles by the end of the study.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333056,"front":"Define conformity to social roles as demonstrated in the prison study.","back":"Conformity to social roles is when individuals adapt their behavior to fit the expectations of a given role. In the prison study, the guards and prisoners conformed to their roles to such an extent that they began to exhibit extreme behaviors.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The prison study demonstrated conformity to social roles, where individuals adjusted their behavior to align with the expectations of a specific role. This was evident in the extreme behaviors exhibited by both guards and prisoners, showcasing the powerful influence of social roles on behavior.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333057,"front":"How did the study measure conformity to a role versus conformity to a stereotype?","back":"Critics argue that the study measured conformity to a stereotype rather than a role. This is because some participants based their behavior on characters they had seen in films, rather than on the actual roles they were assigned.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The study measured conformity to a stereotype by observing participants who mimicked behaviors from movie characters rather than the roles they were assigned. This distinction highlights how external influences can shape behavior, impacting the study's findings on conformity.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333058,"front":"What were the ethical issues associated with the prison study?","back":"The study subjected participants to psychological harm, which could have been long-lasting. The right to withdraw was made difficult, perhaps because the superintendent of the study made it hard for one prisoner to withdraw.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The ethical issues in the prison study revolve around the psychological harm inflicted on participants and the lack of a clear right to withdraw. The study's design and the behavior of the superintendent created an environment where participants' well-being and autonomy were compromised. These factors raise serious ethical concerns about the treatment of the individuals involved.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333059,"front":"Describe the concept of normative social influence.","back":"Normative social influence is a type of social influence that leads to conformity. It is the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them. This can lead to public compliance, but not necessarily private acceptance of the group's norms.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Normative social influence is a psychological phenomenon where individuals conform to the expectations and norms of a group in order to be accepted and liked by others. This type of influence often leads to public compliance, where individuals conform outwardly but may not necessarily internalize the group's beliefs or values. It is driven by the desire for social approval and the fear of rejection or social exclusion. Normative social influence can be a powerful force in shaping behavior and can be seen in various social situations, such as peer pressure or societal norms.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1333060,"front":"Define informational conformity.","back":"Informational conformity is a type of social influence where people look to others in situations where they are unsure about something and assume that these others know more or better. This can lead to both public compliance and private acceptance of the group's norms.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Informational conformity occurs when individuals conform to a group's behavior or beliefs because they believe others have more accurate information. It is driven by a desire to make the right decision in uncertain situations, leading to both public compliance and private acceptance of the group's norms.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"wlO7j","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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