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Define elimination reaction.

Elimination is a type of reaction where a small molecule, often water, is removed from an organic molecule, resulting in the formation of a new functional group.

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"Define elimination reaction."	"Elimination is a type of reaction where a small molecule, often water, is removed from an organic molecule, resulting in the formation of a new functional group."
"What is the reagent used in nucleophilic substitution with ammonia?"	"The reagent used is NH3 dissolved in ethanol."
"What are the conditions for nucleophilic substitution with ammonia?"	"The conditions are heating under pressure in a sealed tube."
"Explain the mechanism involved in nucleophilic substitution with ammonia."	"The mechanism is nucleophilic substitution."
"How are nitriles named?"	"Nitrile groups have to be at the end of a chain, and the chain is numbered from the carbon in the CN."
"How are amines named?"	"Amines can be named using the IUPAC naming system or by indicating the number of carbon atoms in the chain before the amine group."
"Describe elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes."	"Elimination is the removal of a small molecule, often water, from an organic molecule. In the case of halogenoalkanes, elimination involves the conversion of a halogenoalkane into an alkene."
"What reagents are used in the elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes?"	"Potassium (or sodium) hydroxide is used as the reagent in the elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes."
"What is the change in functional group in nucleophilic substitution with ammonia?"	"The change in functional group is from a halogenoalkane to an amine."
"How does the structure of the halogenoalkane affect the degree of substitution or elimination in the reaction?"	"Primary halogenoalkanes tend to undergo substitution, while tertiary halogenoalkanes tend to undergo elimination in the reaction."
"Describe the difference between aqueous and alcoholic conditions in the elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes."	"In aqueous conditions, substitution reactions are favored, while in alcoholic conditions, elimination reactions are favored in the elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes."
"Describe the uses of halogenoalkanes."	"Halogenoalkanes can be used as solvents, refrigerants, pesticides, and aerosol propellants. However, many of these uses have been stopped due to their toxicity and detrimental effect on the atmosphere."
"What is the beneficial role of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere?"	"The ozone layer filters out harmful UV radiation from the sun."
"Explain the role of man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the formation of the ozone hole."	"CFCs release chlorine radicals in the upper atmosphere when exposed to UV radiation. These chlorine radicals catalyze the decomposition of ozone, leading to the formation of the ozone hole."
"What are the alternative chlorine-free compounds used as refrigerants and air-conditioners?"	"HFCs (Hydro fluoro carbons) such as CH2FCF3 are now used as safer alternatives to CFCs as they do not contain the C-Cl bond and are not affected by UV."
"Define smog and explain its relationship with ozone in the lower atmosphere."	"Smog is a pollutant formed by the reaction of sunlight with pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Ozone in the lower atmosphere contributes to the formation of smog."
"Define primary halogenoalkane."	"A primary halogenoalkane is classified as such when there is only one carbon atom attached to the carbon atom adjoining the halogen."
"Explain the mechanism involved in nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions."	"The mechanism is nucleophilic substitution."
"What are the conditions for nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions?"	"The conditions are heating under reflux."
"What is the reagent used in nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions?"	"The reagent used is KCN dissolved in an ethanol/water mixture."
"Describe the change in functional group in nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions."	"The change in functional group is from a halogenoalkane to a nitrile."
"What is the purpose of the bulky methyl groups in tertiary halogenoalkanes?"	"The bulky methyl groups prevent the hydroxide ion from attacking the halogenoalkane in the same way as the regular mechanism."
"How do tertiary halogenoalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitution differently?"	"Tertiary halogenoalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitution through a mechanism where the tertiary carbocation is stabilized by electron-releasing methyl groups."
"What happens when the solvent is changed to ethanol in nucleophilic substitution reactions?"	"An elimination reaction occurs instead of nucleophilic substitution."
"Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution with aqueous hydroxide ions."	"In the presence of aqueous hydroxide ions, a halogenoalkane undergoes nucleophilic substitution, resulting in the formation of an alcohol and a halide ion."
"How does the rate of formation of a silver halide precipitate relate to the reactivity of a halogenoalkane?"	"The faster the precipitate forms, the more reactive the halogenoalkane."
"What is the purpose of adding aqueous silver nitrate to a halogenoalkane?"	"The purpose is to determine the reactivity of different halogenoalkanes by observing the formation of a silver halide precipitate."
"Describe the reaction between a halogenoalkane and water."	"A halogenoalkane reacts with water in a substitution reaction, forming an alcohol and a halide ion."
"What is hydrolysis?"	"Hydrolysis is the splitting of a molecule by a reaction with water."
"Describe nucleophilic substitution reactions."	"Nucleophilic substitution reactions involve swapping a halogen atom for another atom or groups of atoms. Nucleophiles, such as :OH-, :NH3, and CN, act as electron pair donators and attack the positive carbon atom."
"What are the two types of reactions that halogenoalkanes undergo?"	"Halogenoalkanes undergo either substitution or elimination reactions."

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Define elimination reaction.

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Elimination is a type of reaction where a small molecule, often water, is removed from an organic molecule, resulting in the formation of a new functional group.

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[{"id":978752,"front":"Define elimination reaction.","back":"Elimination is a type of reaction where a small molecule, often water, is removed from an organic molecule, resulting in the formation of a new functional group.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"An elimination reaction involves the removal of a small molecule, such as water, from an organic molecule. This process leads to the formation of a new functional group. Elimination reactions are commonly used in organic synthesis to create double bonds or rings in molecules. They are often favored by high temperatures or strong bases, which facilitate the removal of the small molecule. This reaction is important in various fields, including pharmaceuticals, polymers, and biochemistry.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978744,"front":"What is the reagent used in nucleophilic substitution with ammonia?","back":"The reagent used is NH3 dissolved in ethanol.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":1,"explanation":"The reagent used in nucleophilic substitution with ammonia is NH3 dissolved in ethanol. This reagent is commonly used because it provides a source of nucleophilic ammonia, which can react with electrophiles to form new chemical bonds. The use of ethanol as a solvent helps to facilitate the reaction and improve the solubility of the reagents.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978745,"front":"What are the conditions for nucleophilic substitution with ammonia?","back":"The conditions are heating under pressure in a sealed tube.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":2,"explanation":"Nucleophilic substitution with ammonia typically requires heating under pressure in a sealed tube. This is because ammonia is a gas at room temperature and pressure, and by increasing the temperature and pressure, it can be converted into a liquid or even a solid, allowing it to react more readily with the substrate. The sealed tube helps to maintain the pressure and prevent the escape of the gaseous ammonia.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978746,"front":"Explain the mechanism involved in nucleophilic substitution with ammonia.","back":"The mechanism is nucleophilic substitution.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":3,"explanation":"Nucleophilic substitution with ammonia involves the attack of an ammonia molecule on an electrophilic carbon atom, resulting in the displacement of a leaving group. This process occurs through a two-step mechanism, with the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate followed by the elimination of the leaving group. The ammonia molecule acts as the nucleophile, donating a lone pair of electrons to the electrophilic carbon atom. This leads to the formation of a new bond and the displacement of the leaving group. The reaction proceeds via the formation of a transition state, which determines the stereochemistry of the product.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978748,"front":"How are nitriles named?","back":"Nitrile groups have to be at the end of a chain, and the chain is numbered from the carbon in the CN.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":4,"explanation":"Nitriles are named by locating the nitrile group at the end of the carbon chain and numbering the chain to give the nitrile carbon the lowest possible number. This systematic naming helps to identify and differentiate nitrile compounds in organic chemistry.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978749,"front":"How are amines named?","back":"Amines can be named using the IUPAC naming system or by indicating the number of carbon atoms in the chain before the amine group.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":5,"explanation":"Amines are named using the IUPAC system or by specifying the number of carbon atoms in the chain before the amine group. The IUPAC system provides a systematic way to name amines based on their structure, ensuring clarity and consistency in chemical nomenclature. Alternatively, indicating the carbon chain length before the amine group simplifies naming for simpler structures.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978750,"front":"Describe elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes.","back":"Elimination is the removal of a small molecule, often water, from an organic molecule. In the case of halogenoalkanes, elimination involves the conversion of a halogenoalkane into an alkene.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":6,"explanation":"Elimination reactions of halogenoalkanes involve the removal of a halogen atom and a hydrogen atom from adjacent carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of a double bond between those carbon atoms. This process is typically catalyzed by a strong base, which abstracts the hydrogen atom and initiates the reaction. The resulting alkene product is more stable than the halogenoalkane, as it has a lower energy and greater degree of unsaturation. Elimination reactions are important in organic synthesis and can be used to selectively produce specific alkene products.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978751,"front":"What reagents are used in the elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes?","back":"Potassium (or sodium) hydroxide is used as the reagent in the elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":7,"explanation":"Potassium (or sodium) hydroxide is commonly used as the reagent in the elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes because it is a strong base. The hydroxide ion (OH-) acts as a nucleophile, attacking the carbon atom bonded to the halogen. This leads to the formation of an alkene and a halide ion. The strong basicity of potassium (or sodium) hydroxide helps to remove a proton from the carbon adjacent to the halogen, facilitating the elimination reaction.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978743,"front":"What is the change in functional group in nucleophilic substitution with ammonia?","back":"The change in functional group is from a halogenoalkane to an amine.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":8,"explanation":"In nucleophilic substitution with ammonia, a halogenoalkane reacts with ammonia to form an amine. This reaction involves the substitution of the halogen atom with an amino group, resulting in the change in functional group from a halogenoalkane to an amine. This process is commonly used to synthesize amines from halogenated compounds.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978753,"front":"How does the structure of the halogenoalkane affect the degree of substitution or elimination in the reaction?","back":"Primary halogenoalkanes tend to undergo substitution, while tertiary halogenoalkanes tend to undergo elimination in the reaction.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":9,"explanation":"The structure of the halogenoalkane plays a crucial role in determining whether substitution or elimination will occur in a reaction. Primary halogenoalkanes, which have the halogen attached to a carbon bonded to only one other carbon, are more likely to undergo substitution reactions. This is because the primary carbon is less hindered, allowing the nucleophile to attack and replace the halogen. On the other hand, tertiary halogenoalkanes, which have the halogen attached to a carbon bonded to three other carbons, are more likely to undergo elimination reactions. This is because the tertiary carbon is highly hindered, making it difficult for the nucleophile to attack and replace the halogen. Instead, elimination occurs, resulting in the formation of a double bond.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978754,"front":"Describe the difference between aqueous and alcoholic conditions in the elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes.","back":"In aqueous conditions, substitution reactions are favored, while in alcoholic conditions, elimination reactions are favored in the elimination reaction of halogenoalkanes.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":10,"explanation":"In aqueous conditions, the presence of water favors the formation of hydroxide ions, promoting substitution reactions. In contrast, alcoholic conditions provide an environment conducive to the formation of alkoxide ions, which favor elimination reactions in halogenoalkane elimination reactions.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978755,"front":"Describe the uses of halogenoalkanes.","back":"Halogenoalkanes can be used as solvents, refrigerants, pesticides, and aerosol propellants. However, many of these uses have been stopped due to their toxicity and detrimental effect on the atmosphere.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":11,"explanation":"Halogenoalkanes are versatile compounds used as solvents, refrigerants, pesticides, and aerosol propellants. However, their extensive use has been curtailed due to concerns about their toxicity and environmental impact. This has led to restrictions on their usage in many applications.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978756,"front":"What is the beneficial role of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere?","back":"The ozone layer filters out harmful UV radiation from the sun.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":12,"explanation":"The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere plays a crucial role in filtering out harmful UV radiation from the sun. This protection is essential for safeguarding life on Earth, as excessive UV radiation can lead to various health issues and environmental damage.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978757,"front":"Explain the role of man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the formation of the ozone hole.","back":"CFCs release chlorine radicals in the upper atmosphere when exposed to UV radiation. These chlorine radicals catalyze the decomposition of ozone, leading to the formation of the ozone hole.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":13,"explanation":"CFCs are synthetic compounds that, when exposed to UV radiation in the upper atmosphere, release chlorine radicals. These radicals act as catalysts in the breakdown of ozone molecules, leading to the formation of the ozone hole. This process occurs because chlorine radicals are highly reactive and can destroy multiple ozone molecules before being deactivated. The accumulation of CFCs in the atmosphere has contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer and the formation of the ozone hole.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978758,"front":"What are the alternative chlorine-free compounds used as refrigerants and air-conditioners?","back":"HFCs (Hydro fluoro carbons) such as CH2FCF3 are now used as safer alternatives to CFCs as they do not contain the C-Cl bond and are not affected by UV.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":14,"explanation":"HFCs, such as CH2FCF3, are commonly used as alternatives to CFCs in refrigerants and air-conditioners. These compounds do not contain the C-Cl bond found in CFCs, making them safer for the environment. Additionally, HFCs are not affected by UV radiation, which can lead to the depletion of the ozone layer. Therefore, HFCs are considered a chlorine-free option for cooling systems.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978759,"front":"Define smog and explain its relationship with ozone in the lower atmosphere.","back":"Smog is a pollutant formed by the reaction of sunlight with pollutants like nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Ozone in the lower atmosphere contributes to the formation of smog.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":15,"explanation":"Smog is a type of air pollution that forms when sunlight reacts with certain pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. These pollutants are released from various sources, including vehicles and industrial processes. Ozone, which is a gas composed of three oxygen atoms, is a key component of smog. Ozone in the lower atmosphere is formed when sunlight interacts with pollutants like nitrogen oxides. Therefore, ozone contributes to the formation of smog.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978727,"front":"Define primary halogenoalkane.","back":"A primary halogenoalkane is classified as such when there is only one carbon atom attached to the carbon atom adjoining the halogen.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":16,"explanation":"A primary halogenoalkane is defined by having only one carbon atom attached to the carbon atom that is bonded to the halogen. This classification is based on the structure of the molecule and the position of the halogen atom within the alkane chain.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978741,"front":"Explain the mechanism involved in nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions.","back":"The mechanism is nucleophilic substitution.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":18,"explanation":"Nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions involves the attack of a nucleophile (cyanide ion) on an electrophilic carbon atom. This leads to the formation of a new bond and displacement of a leaving group. The reaction proceeds through a transition state where the nucleophile forms a bond with the carbon atom, resulting in the substitution of the leaving group. This mechanism is commonly observed in reactions involving alkyl halides and cyanide ions.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978740,"front":"What are the conditions for nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions?","back":"The conditions are heating under reflux.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":19,"explanation":"Heating under reflux is a common condition for nucleophilic substitution reactions with cyanide ions. Refluxing allows for continuous boiling and condensation of the reaction mixture, ensuring that the reaction proceeds to completion. This condition helps to maintain a constant temperature and prevent the loss of volatile reactants or products. Additionally, heating promotes the reaction by providing the necessary energy for the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ion on the substrate.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978739,"front":"What is the reagent used in nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions?","back":"The reagent used is KCN dissolved in an ethanol/water mixture.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":20,"explanation":"KCN is commonly used in nucleophilic substitution reactions due to the high nucleophilicity of cyanide ions. The use of an ethanol/water mixture as a solvent helps to facilitate the reaction by providing an appropriate medium for the reaction to occur.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978738,"front":"Describe the change in functional group in nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions.","back":"The change in functional group is from a halogenoalkane to a nitrile.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":21,"explanation":"Nucleophilic substitution with cyanide ions involves the replacement of a halogen atom in a halogenoalkane with a cyano group, resulting in the formation of a nitrile functional group. This transformation is a key step in organic synthesis for creating carbon-carbon triple bonds.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978737,"front":"What is the purpose of the bulky methyl groups in tertiary halogenoalkanes?","back":"The bulky methyl groups prevent the hydroxide ion from attacking the halogenoalkane in the same way as the regular mechanism.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":22,"explanation":"The bulky methyl groups in tertiary halogenoalkanes serve to hinder the approach of the hydroxide ion, preventing it from attacking the molecule through the regular mechanism. This steric hindrance alters the reactivity of the compound, influencing its chemical behavior.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978736,"front":"How do tertiary halogenoalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitution differently?","back":"Tertiary halogenoalkanes undergo nucleophilic substitution through a mechanism where the tertiary carbocation is stabilized by electron-releasing methyl groups.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":23,"explanation":"Tertiary halogenoalkanes have a more stable carbocation intermediate due to hyperconjugation from adjacent methyl groups. This stabilizes the transition state, making the substitution reaction faster compared to primary or secondary halogenoalkanes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978735,"front":"What happens when the solvent is changed to ethanol in nucleophilic substitution reactions?","back":"An elimination reaction occurs instead of nucleophilic substitution.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":24,"explanation":"When the solvent is switched to ethanol in nucleophilic substitution reactions, the polar aprotic solvent required for the SN2 reaction is replaced by a polar protic solvent. This change promotes the E1 elimination reaction instead of the SN2 substitution due to the different solvent characteristics.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978734,"front":"Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution with aqueous hydroxide ions.","back":"In the presence of aqueous hydroxide ions, a halogenoalkane undergoes nucleophilic substitution, resulting in the formation of an alcohol and a halide ion.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":25,"explanation":"Aqueous hydroxide ions act as a nucleophile, attacking the electrophilic carbon in the halogenoalkane. This leads to the displacement of the halide ion, forming an alcohol. The reaction proceeds via an SN2 mechanism, where the hydroxide ion directly replaces the halide.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978733,"front":"How does the rate of formation of a silver halide precipitate relate to the reactivity of a halogenoalkane?","back":"The faster the precipitate forms, the more reactive the halogenoalkane.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":26,"explanation":"The rate of formation of a silver halide precipitate is directly related to the reactivity of a halogenoalkane. This is because the speed at which the precipitate forms indicates the speed of the reaction between the halogenoalkane and the silver nitrate, reflecting the reactivity of the halogenoalkane.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978732,"front":"What is the purpose of adding aqueous silver nitrate to a halogenoalkane?","back":"The purpose is to determine the reactivity of different halogenoalkanes by observing the formation of a silver halide precipitate.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":27,"explanation":"Aqueous silver nitrate is added to halogenoalkanes to test their reactivity. The formation of a silver halide precipitate indicates the presence of a halogen, allowing for comparison of reactivity among different halogenoalkanes. This test is commonly used in organic chemistry to identify and differentiate between different types of halogenoalkanes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978731,"front":"Describe the reaction between a halogenoalkane and water.","back":"A halogenoalkane reacts with water in a substitution reaction, forming an alcohol and a halide ion.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":28,"explanation":"When a halogenoalkane reacts with water, the halogen atom is replaced by a hydroxyl group from water, resulting in the formation of an alcohol and a halide ion. This substitution reaction is a common method for synthesizing alcohols from halogenoalkanes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978730,"front":"What is hydrolysis?","back":"Hydrolysis is the splitting of a molecule by a reaction with water.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":29,"explanation":"Hydrolysis is a chemical process where a molecule is broken down into smaller components through a reaction with water. This reaction occurs due to the addition of water molecules, which causes the molecule to split into its constituent parts. This process is commonly used in various biological and industrial processes to break down complex molecules into simpler ones.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978729,"front":"Describe nucleophilic substitution reactions.","back":"Nucleophilic substitution reactions involve swapping a halogen atom for another atom or groups of atoms. Nucleophiles, such as :OH-, :NH3, and CN, act as electron pair donators and attack the positive carbon atom.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":30,"explanation":"Nucleophilic substitution reactions involve the replacement of a halogen atom with another atom or group. Nucleophiles donate electron pairs and attack the positively charged carbon atom, leading to the substitution. This process is fundamental in organic chemistry and has wide-ranging applications in synthesis and biochemistry.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978728,"front":"What are the two types of reactions that halogenoalkanes undergo?","back":"Halogenoalkanes undergo either substitution or elimination reactions.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":31,"explanation":"Halogenoalkanes, also known as alkyl halides, can undergo substitution or elimination reactions due to the presence of a halogen atom. Substitution involves the replacement of the halogen atom by a nucleophile, while elimination results in the removal of a halogen atom and a hydrogen atom from an adjacent carbon, forming a double bond. These reactions are fundamental in organic chemistry and have wide-ranging applications in synthesis and industrial processes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"sA5Di","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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