New Day

Current Quiz

You previously generated a quiz from this deck.

Spaced Repetition

This mode helps you retain information by reviewing flashcards at optimal intervals, focusing on what needs the most reinforcement each day.

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️
Flashcards

The standard way to view your flashcards without any extras

🧠
Exam Mode

Practice active recall and assess your answers with AI

⏳
Spaced Repetition

Memorize your flashcards using a scientifically proven method

🎯
Generate Quiz

Use AI to generate a quiz based on the same content

Organic Analysis

A-Level AQA Chemistry

This pack of flashcards covers analytical techniques in chemistry, focusing on mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. It addresses principles, definitions, and applications, such as identifying molecular ions, functional groups, and differentiating compounds with high-resolution analysis. The cards also integrate practical examples, including spectral interpretation and the identification of specific bonds and functional groups using spectral data.

1 / 18

Combine

All flashcards from the current deck will be added to the deck selected from this list.

Export

This text is tab separated and can be imported into various flashcard apps.

"Describe mass spectrometry."	"Mass spectrometry is a technique used to analyze organic molecules by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of ions."
"What is the molecular ion in mass spectrometry?"	"The molecular ion is the ion formed when an organic molecule hasn't fragmented and has a charge of +1."
"Define high resolution mass spectrometry."	"High resolution mass spectrometry is a technique that can accurately measure the mass of ions to 5 decimal places, allowing for the determination of the molecular formula of a compound."
"How can high resolution mass spectrometry differentiate between compounds with similar masses?"	"High resolution mass spectrometry can differentiate between compounds with similar masses by providing the accurate mass of the molecular ion, which can help determine the molecular formula."
"Describe the concept of relative abundances in mass spectrometry."	"Relative abundances refer to the different intensities of peaks in a mass spectrum, indicating the relative abundance of different isotopes or fragments in a sample."
"What is the purpose of infrared spectroscopy?"	"The purpose of infrared spectroscopy is to identify the types of bonds present in a molecule by measuring the absorption of infrared radiation at characteristic frequencies."
"Define 'functional group identification' in the context of infrared spectroscopy."	"'Functional group identification' refers to the analysis of infrared spectra above 1500 cm-¹ to determine the presence of specific functional groups in a molecule."
"What is the significance of the 'fingerprinting' region in infrared spectroscopy?"	"The 'fingerprinting' region of an infrared spectrum, below 1500 cm-¹, is unique for every compound and can be used to identify and distinguish between different compounds."
"How can infrared absorption data be used to identify particular functional groups?"	"By comparing the absorption peaks in an infrared spectrum to known absorption ranges for specific functional groups, one can identify the presence or absence of those functional groups in a molecule."
"Describe the process of using infrared spectroscopy to identify a compound."	"Infrared spectroscopy involves comparing the infrared spectrum of an unknown compound to a database of known pure compounds. By matching the absorption peaks, the unknown compound can be identified."
"What does an absorption or trough in the range of 1680-1750 cm-¹ indicate in infrared spectroscopy?"	"An absorption or trough in this range indicates the presence of a C=O bond in the molecule."
"What is the purpose of using an IR absorption table in infrared spectroscopy?"	"An IR absorption table provides the wavenumber ranges for different types of bonds, allowing for the identification of particular functional groups and impurities in a molecule."
"Describe the concept of wavenumber in infrared spectroscopy."	"Wavenumber is a unit of measurement in infrared spectroscopy that represents the frequency of infrared radiation absorbed by a molecule. It is expressed in reciprocal centimeters (cm-¹)."
"Describe the spectra for O-H absorptions in ethanoic acid."	"The spectra for O-H absorptions in ethanoic acid tend to be broad with an absorption or trough in the 2500-3000 cm-1 range."
"What does an absorption or trough in the 1680-1750 cm-1 range indicate?"	"An absorption or trough in the 1680-1750 cm-1 range indicates the presence of a C=O bond."
"How does the greenhouse effect work?"	"UV wavelength radiation passes through the atmosphere and heats up the Earth's surface. The Earth then radiates out infrared long wavelength radiation. The C=O bonds in CO2 absorb the infrared radiation, preventing it from escaping the atmosphere and warming the atmosphere."
"What is the result of adding bromine water to an alkene?"	"The result of adding bromine water to an alkene is the decolorization of the orange color."
"Define Tollens' reagent."	"Tollens' reagent is formed by mixing aqueous ammonia and silver nitrate. It is used to test for the presence of aldehydes, which result in the formation of a silver mirror coating the inside of the test tube."

Click to copy

Image

Front

Describe mass spectrometry.

Back

Mass spectrometry is a technique used to analyze organic molecules by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.

Image

Print Flashcards

[{"id":978820,"front":"Describe mass spectrometry.","back":"Mass spectrometry is a technique used to analyze organic molecules by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique that identifies and quantifies molecules based on their mass-to-charge ratio. It's widely used in various fields like chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental science for its precision and sensitivity.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978822,"front":"What is the molecular ion in mass spectrometry?","back":"The molecular ion is the ion formed when an organic molecule hasn't fragmented and has a charge of +1.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"In mass spectrometry, the molecular ion is crucial for determining the molecular weight of a compound. It represents the intact molecule with a single positive charge, often aiding in the identification of the compound's structure. This ion is significant in elucidating the molecular formula and structure of the analyzed compound.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978824,"front":"Define high resolution mass spectrometry.","back":"High resolution mass spectrometry is a technique that can accurately measure the mass of ions to 5 decimal places, allowing for the determination of the molecular formula of a compound.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"High resolution mass spectrometry is crucial in identifying unknown compounds due to its ability to provide precise mass measurements. This technique is particularly valuable in fields like chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental science for determining molecular formulas accurately.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978826,"front":"How can high resolution mass spectrometry differentiate between compounds with similar masses?","back":"High resolution mass spectrometry can differentiate between compounds with similar masses by providing the accurate mass of the molecular ion, which can help determine the molecular formula.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"High resolution mass spectrometry can differentiate between compounds with similar masses due to its ability to accurately measure the mass of the molecular ion. This precise measurement allows for determination of the molecular formula, enabling differentiation between closely related compounds.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978832,"front":"Describe the concept of relative abundances in mass spectrometry.","back":"Relative abundances refer to the different intensities of peaks in a mass spectrum, indicating the relative abundance of different isotopes or fragments in a sample.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Relative abundances in mass spectrometry are crucial for identifying isotopes and fragments in a sample. The varying intensities of peaks in a mass spectrum provide insight into the relative abundance of different components, aiding in the analysis and characterization of the sample's composition.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978833,"front":"What is the purpose of infrared spectroscopy?","back":"The purpose of infrared spectroscopy is to identify the types of bonds present in a molecule by measuring the absorption of infrared radiation at characteristic frequencies.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Infrared spectroscopy is used to identify the types of chemical bonds present in a molecule. This is achieved by measuring the absorption of infrared radiation at specific frequencies, providing valuable information about the molecular structure and composition.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978836,"front":"Define 'functional group identification' in the context of infrared spectroscopy.","back":"'Functional group identification' refers to the analysis of infrared spectra above 1500 cm-¹ to determine the presence of specific functional groups in a molecule.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Infrared spectroscopy is used to identify functional groups in a molecule by analyzing the absorption of infrared radiation. This technique is effective for identifying specific chemical groups based on their characteristic absorption frequencies above 1500 cm-¹.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978838,"front":"What is the significance of the 'fingerprinting' region in infrared spectroscopy?","back":"The 'fingerprinting' region of an infrared spectrum, below 1500 cm-¹, is unique for every compound and can be used to identify and distinguish between different compounds.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The 'fingerprinting' region in infrared spectroscopy is significant because it contains a unique pattern of peaks for each compound, allowing for precise identification. This region is valuable for distinguishing between different compounds due to its specificity and individuality.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978841,"front":"How can infrared absorption data be used to identify particular functional groups?","back":"By comparing the absorption peaks in an infrared spectrum to known absorption ranges for specific functional groups, one can identify the presence or absence of those functional groups in a molecule.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Infrared absorption data is valuable for identifying functional groups due to the unique vibrational frequencies associated with different functional groups. These frequencies correspond to specific bond types, aiding in the identification process. Comparing peaks to known ranges is a common analytical method.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978843,"front":"Describe the process of using infrared spectroscopy to identify a compound.","back":"Infrared spectroscopy involves comparing the infrared spectrum of an unknown compound to a database of known pure compounds. By matching the absorption peaks, the unknown compound can be identified.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Infrared spectroscopy measures the absorption of infrared radiation by a compound, creating a unique spectrum. This spectrum is compared to a database of known spectra to determine the compound's identity based on matching absorption peaks.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978845,"front":"What does an absorption or trough in the range of 1680-1750 cm-¹ indicate in infrared spectroscopy?","back":"An absorption or trough in this range indicates the presence of a C=O bond in the molecule.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Absorption in the 1680-1750 cm-¹ range signifies the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O bond) in the compound. This bond is characteristic of various functional groups like aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides, aiding in structural identification in IR spectroscopy.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978847,"front":"What is the purpose of using an IR absorption table in infrared spectroscopy?","back":"An IR absorption table provides the wavenumber ranges for different types of bonds, allowing for the identification of particular functional groups and impurities in a molecule.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"IR absorption tables are essential in IR spectroscopy as they offer reference ranges for bond vibrations. This aids in identifying functional groups and impurities in a compound by comparing observed wavenumbers to known values, facilitating accurate analysis and characterization.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978848,"front":"Describe the concept of wavenumber in infrared spectroscopy.","back":"Wavenumber is a unit of measurement in infrared spectroscopy that represents the frequency of infrared radiation absorbed by a molecule. It is expressed in reciprocal centimeters (cm-¹).","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Wavenumber in IR spectroscopy is crucial as it simplifies spectral interpretation by directly correlating with molecular vibrations. It's proportional to energy, aiding in identifying functional groups based on characteristic absorption peaks. The unit cm⁻¹ is preferred for its convenience in spectral analysis.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978849,"front":"Describe the spectra for O-H absorptions in ethanoic acid.","back":"The spectra for O-H absorptions in ethanoic acid tend to be broad with an absorption or trough in the 2500-3000 cm-1 range.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The broad spectra for O-H absorptions in ethanoic acid are due to hydrogen bonding interactions, causing a range of frequencies to be absorbed. The absorption or trough in the 2500-3000 cm-1 range is characteristic of the O-H stretching vibrations in the molecule.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978850,"front":"What does an absorption or trough in the 1680-1750 cm-1 range indicate?","back":"An absorption or trough in the 1680-1750 cm-1 range indicates the presence of a C=O bond.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Absorption in the 1680-1750 cm-1 range is characteristic of the carbonyl group (C=O) in infrared spectroscopy. This bond is common in compounds like aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. The position and intensity of this absorption can provide valuable structural information.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978851,"front":"How does the greenhouse effect work?","back":"UV wavelength radiation passes through the atmosphere and heats up the Earth's surface. The Earth then radiates out infrared long wavelength radiation. The C=O bonds in CO2 absorb the infrared radiation, preventing it from escaping the atmosphere and warming the atmosphere.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The greenhouse effect is crucial for maintaining Earth's temperature. UV radiation penetrates the atmosphere, warming the surface. Infrared radiation emitted by the Earth is absorbed by greenhouse gases like CO2, trapping heat and regulating the planet's temperature.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978852,"front":"What is the result of adding bromine water to an alkene?","back":"The result of adding bromine water to an alkene is the decolorization of the orange color.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"When bromine water is added to an alkene, a chemical reaction called bromination occurs. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. Bromine water is a solution of bromine in water. Bromine is a halogen that is highly reactive towards alkenes. During the reaction, the bromine molecule adds across the double bond of the alkene, breaking the double bond and forming a new carbon-bromine bond. This results in the decolorization of the orange color of the bromine water, indicating the completion of the reaction. The decolorization occurs because the addition of bromine to the alkene forms a colorless product.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":978853,"front":"Define Tollens' reagent.","back":"Tollens' reagent is formed by mixing aqueous ammonia and silver nitrate. It is used to test for the presence of aldehydes, which result in the formation of a silver mirror coating the inside of the test tube.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Tollens' reagent is a key tool in organic chemistry for distinguishing aldehydes from other carbonyl compounds. The silver mirror test is based on the reduction of silver ions to elemental silver by aldehydes in a reaction that forms a distinctive silver mirror on the test tube.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"mnGGz","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

Options

Arrange Cards

Chronological

Random

Card Direction

Front First

Back First

Share this deck

Click to copy

Delete this deck

Are you sure you want to delete this deck? This cannot be undone.

Organic Analysis Flashcards

Sign Up

New Day

Current Quiz

Spaced Repetition

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️
Flashcards

🧠
Exam Mode

⏳
Spaced Repetition

🎯
Generate Quiz

Organic Analysis

A-Level AQA Chemistry

Combine

Export

Front

Back

Print Flashcards

Print Type

Font Size

Rows Per Page

Options

Arrange Cards

Card Direction

Share this deck

Delete this deck

Sign Up

Organic Analysis Flashcards

Sign Up

New Day

Current Quiz

Spaced Repetition

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️ Flashcards

🧠 Exam Mode

⏳ Spaced Repetition

🎯 Generate Quiz

Organic Analysis

A-Level AQA Chemistry

Combine

Export

Front

Back

Print Flashcards

Print Type

Font Size

Rows Per Page

Options

Arrange Cards

Card Direction

Share this deck

Delete this deck

Sign Up

🗂️
Flashcards

🧠
Exam Mode

⏳
Spaced Repetition

🎯
Generate Quiz