New Day

Current Quiz

You previously generated a quiz from this deck.

Spaced Repetition

This mode helps you retain information by reviewing flashcards at optimal intervals, focusing on what needs the most reinforcement each day.

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️
Flashcards

The standard way to view your flashcards without any extras

🧠
Exam Mode

Practice active recall and assess your answers with AI

⏳
Spaced Repetition

Memorize your flashcards using a scientifically proven method

🎯
Generate Quiz

Use AI to generate a quiz based on the same content

Split Brain Research

A-Level AQA Psychology

This pack of flashcards explores brain function and biological rhythms, covering hemispheric lateralisation, split-brain research findings, neuroimaging techniques like fMRI and EEG, and the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in sleep/wake cycles. It also delves into circadian, infradian, and ultradian rhythms, the effects of pheromones, and ethical considerations in related research.

1 / 29

Combine

All flashcards from the current deck will be added to the deck selected from this list.

Export

This text is tab separated and can be imported into various flashcard apps.

"Define hemispheric lateralisation in the context of brain function."	"Hemispheric lateralisation is the idea that the brain’s two hemispheres are responsible for different functions; that particular functions (such as language) are the responsibility of one hemisphere but not the other- the function is lateralised."
"Describe the procedure used in split-brain research."	"Split-brain research involves individuals who have had surgical separation of their brain hemispheres, usually to relieve symptoms of epilepsy. Researchers project an image or word to the patient’s right visual field (processed by the left hemisphere) and another image to the left visual field (processed by the right hemisphere). In a split-brain patient, information cannot be transmitted from one hemisphere to another, allowing researchers to study the effects of this."
"What were the findings from split-brain research when a picture was shown to the right visual field?"	"When a picture was shown to the right visual field, the patient could describe it easily. This is likely due to the language processing ability of the left hemisphere, which processes the right visual field."
"How does the right hemisphere contribute to understanding of objects, according to split-brain research findings?"	"When patients were presented with a word or object in the left visual field, then had to select that object (or a related one) from a bag using their left hand without looking, they were able to do this quite well. This shows that the right hemisphere is involved in understanding of objects."
"What does split-brain research suggest about the right hemisphere's dominance in certain tasks?"	"The right hemisphere seems to be dominant for drawing skills and face recognition, as evidenced by patients' ability to draw images better with their left hand and consistently select a face presented to the left visual field."
"What is the function of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?"	"Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures changes in blood flow and oxygenation in the brain while the individual is performing a task. Increased blood flow suggests that the area of the brain is working harder, so it can be determined which areas of the brain are involved with particular tasks."
"What is the purpose of an Electroencephalogram (EEG)?"	"An Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures the electrical activity of neurons in the brain, by recording the electrical impulses that take place during synaptic transmission."
"Describe the purpose of wearing a skull cap in EEG recordings."	"The skull cap is worn during EEG recordings to detect particular patterns of activity in the brain, such as what is happening during sleep."
"Define Event-related potentials (ERPs)."	"ERPs are types of brainwave which are triggered by particular events. They are derived from an EEG recording and are used to determine the specific responses relating to a particular task."
"What is the purpose of post-mortem examinations in the context of brain studies?"	"Post-mortem examinations are used to study and analyse the brain following death, often for individuals who had rare disorders or dysfunction in behaviour or cognitions. The brain is compared to a ‘control’ brain to see if there are differences in structure."
"What are the advantages and disadvantages of using fMRI for brain studies?"	"fMRI is low-risk, involves no radiation, and produces very detailed images. However, it is expensive, has a time-lag, and cannot be used to see the activity of individual neurons."
"What are the advantages and disadvantages of using EEGs for brain studies?"	"EEGs are useful in diagnosing conditions such as epilepsy and measuring brain activity almost instantaneously. However, the information gained is very generalised, so it can’t be used to isolate exact neural activity."
"What are circadian rhythms?"	"Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms that last around 24 hours. They are changes in the body’s processes in response to environmental changes."
"What is the sleep/wake cycle and how is it influenced?"	"The sleep/wake cycle is an example of a circadian rhythm. It is influenced by the daylight (or lack of it), which contributes to feelings of drowsiness or being awake."
"What are the practical applications of research into circadian rhythms?"	"Research into circadian rhythms can help manage the shift patterns of night workers so that they are more productive and make fewer mistakes."
"Describe the impact of circadian rhythms on drug effectiveness."	"Circadian rhythms can affect how drugs impact the body. Therefore, guidelines can be developed for patients as to when they should take drugs for maximum impact."
"Define Infradian Rhythms and provide an example."	"Infradian Rhythms are biological rhythms that take place over a longer time than 24 hours. An example is the menstrual cycle, which takes place over around 28 days."
"Explain the concept of Ultradian Rhythms and give an example."	"Ultradian Rhythms are biological rhythms that occur more than once within a 24-hour period. An example is the different stages of sleep, of which 5 distinct stages have been identified."
"How does Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) relate to infradian rhythms?"	"Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is an infradian rhythm, characterized by changes to mood. Sufferers feel a lowered mood, and lowered activity levels, during the winter months when daylight is shorter."
"What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in maintaining circadian rhythms?"	"The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located in the brain’s hypothalamus, is influential in the maintenance of circadian rhythms. It receives information about light from a structure called the optic chiasm, which sends messages from the eye to the visual area of the cerebral cortex."
"Describe the effect of pheromones on the menstrual cycle according to McClintock et al (1998)."	"McClintock et al (1998) found that collecting pheromones from women with irregular cycles and rubbing them on the lips of other women caused the ‘receiver’ of the pheromones to experience changes in their cycle, bringing them closer to the pheromone ‘donor’."
"What is REM sleep and how is it related to dreaming?"	"REM sleep (rapid eye movement) is a stage of sleep where the pons (part of the brain) paralyses the body to stop the person from ‘acting out’ their dreams. The eyelids move in a fast, jerky fashion at this point, which is correlated with dreaming."
"Describe the role of the SCN in sleep/wake cycles based on animal studies."	"The SCN (Suprachiasmatic Nucleus) regulates sleep/wake cycles. Animal studies have shown that if the SCN connections are destroyed, the animals no longer have a sleep/wake cycle. For example, this was observed in chipmunks by DeCoursey et al (2000)."
"How does the pineal gland and melatonin affect sleep?"	"The SCN passes information about daylight to the pineal gland, which is located behind the hypothalamus. This gland increases melatonin production, which induces sleep and is inhibited when a person is awake."
"Define 'entrainment' in the context of biological rhythms."	"'Entrainment' refers to the process by which environmental factors influence biological rhythms, such as the sleep/wake cycle."
"How does light affect the sleep/wake cycle?"	"Light resets the SCN, which has a key effect on the sleep/wake cycle. Hormone production and other processes are also influenced by light. For example, Campbell and Murphy (1998) found that skin can detect light, affecting the duration of sleep/wake cycles."
"Explain the role of social cues in the sleep/wake cycle."	"Social cues can influence the sleep/wake cycle. For example, infants have no set sleep/wake cycle until about 6 weeks of age, and this process generally continues until around 16 weeks, when babies are entrained. This could be due to the schedules imposed on them by parents."
"What are 'peripheral oscillators' and how do they relate to circadian rhythms?"	"'Peripheral oscillators' are cells in organs of the body that have their own circadian rhythms. For example, changing feeding patterns in mice led to changes in the rhythms of the mice’s livers."
"What are some ethical considerations in sleep/wake cycle research?"	"Research often involves harm to animals. For example, in the DeCoursey study, many of the chipmunks were killed by predators after their sleep/wake cycle was destroyed. This raises questions about the ethical justification of such research."

Click to copy

Image

Front

Define hemispheric lateralisation in the context of brain function.

Back

Hemispheric lateralisation is the idea that the brain’s two hemispheres are responsible for different functions; that particular functions (such as language) are the responsibility of one hemisphere but not the other- the function is lateralised.

Image

Print Flashcards

[{"id":1590823,"front":"Define hemispheric lateralisation in the context of brain function.","back":"Hemispheric lateralisation is the idea that the brain’s two hemispheres are responsible for different functions; that particular functions (such as language) are the responsibility of one hemisphere but not the other- the function is lateralised.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Hemispheric lateralization refers to the specialization of functions in the brain's two hemispheres. This specialization allows for more efficient processing of different tasks, such as language and spatial abilities. It is a fundamental concept in understanding how the brain functions and processes information.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590826,"front":"Describe the procedure used in split-brain research.","back":"Split-brain research involves individuals who have had surgical separation of their brain hemispheres, usually to relieve symptoms of epilepsy. Researchers project an image or word to the patient’s right visual field (processed by the left hemisphere) and another image to the left visual field (processed by the right hemisphere). In a split-brain patient, information cannot be transmitted from one hemisphere to another, allowing researchers to study the effects of this.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Split-brain research is conducted on individuals who have undergone surgery to separate their brain hemispheres. This procedure is typically done to alleviate epilepsy symptoms. During the research, images or words are presented to the patient's right or left visual field, which are processed by the opposite hemisphere. Since the hemispheres are disconnected, information cannot be transmitted between them. This allows researchers to study the specific effects of this disconnection on perception and cognition.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590828,"front":"What were the findings from split-brain research when a picture was shown to the right visual field?","back":"When a picture was shown to the right visual field, the patient could describe it easily. This is likely due to the language processing ability of the left hemisphere, which processes the right visual field.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"In split-brain research, the left hemisphere, which controls language processing, is connected to the right visual field. This allows for verbal description of images shown in the right visual field. The findings highlight the specialized functions of each hemisphere in processing visual information.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590830,"front":"How does the right hemisphere contribute to understanding of objects, according to split-brain research findings?","back":"When patients were presented with a word or object in the left visual field, then had to select that object (or a related one) from a bag using their left hand without looking, they were able to do this quite well. This shows that the right hemisphere is involved in understanding of objects.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Split-brain research demonstrates that the right hemisphere plays a crucial role in object recognition and understanding. When information is presented to the left visual field, which is processed by the right hemisphere, patients can successfully identify and select related objects using their left hand. This highlights the specialized function of the right hemisphere in object perception.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590831,"front":"What does split-brain research suggest about the right hemisphere's dominance in certain tasks?","back":"The right hemisphere seems to be dominant for drawing skills and face recognition, as evidenced by patients' ability to draw images better with their left hand and consistently select a face presented to the left visual field.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Split-brain research involves studying patients who have had their corpus callosum severed, leading to separate functioning of the brain hemispheres. The findings suggest that the right hemisphere is specialized for tasks like drawing and face recognition, showcasing its dominance in these areas.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590832,"front":"What is the function of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?","back":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures changes in blood flow and oxygenation in the brain while the individual is performing a task. Increased blood flow suggests that the area of the brain is working harder, so it can be determined which areas of the brain are involved with particular tasks.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"fMRI is used to detect brain activity by measuring blood flow changes. It helps identify brain regions involved in specific tasks based on increased blood flow, providing insights into brain function during various activities.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590833,"front":"What is the purpose of an Electroencephalogram (EEG)?","back":"An Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures the electrical activity of neurons in the brain, by recording the electrical impulses that take place during synaptic transmission.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"An EEG is used to diagnose conditions like epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries. It helps monitor brain activity during anesthesia, coma, or brain death assessments. EEGs also aid in research on brain functions like memory, cognition, and consciousness.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590834,"front":"Describe the purpose of wearing a skull cap in EEG recordings.","back":"The skull cap is worn during EEG recordings to detect particular patterns of activity in the brain, such as what is happening during sleep.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The skull cap in EEG recordings helps to pick up electrical signals from the brain's surface, aiding in the detection of brain activity patterns. This is crucial for monitoring brain functions during various states like sleep or cognitive tasks.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590835,"front":"Define Event-related potentials (ERPs).","back":"ERPs are types of brainwave which are triggered by particular events. They are derived from an EEG recording and are used to determine the specific responses relating to a particular task.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Event-related potentials (ERPs) are valuable in cognitive neuroscience for studying brain activity linked to specific stimuli or tasks. They offer precise timing information about cognitive processes and are essential in understanding how the brain responds to various stimuli.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590836,"front":"What is the purpose of post-mortem examinations in the context of brain studies?","back":"Post-mortem examinations are used to study and analyse the brain following death, often for individuals who had rare disorders or dysfunction in behaviour or cognitions. The brain is compared to a ‘control’ brain to see if there are differences in structure.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Post-mortem examinations in brain studies serve the purpose of analyzing the brain after death. This is particularly useful for individuals with rare disorders or behavioral and cognitive dysfunctions. By comparing the brain to a control brain, researchers can identify structural differences and gain insights into the underlying causes of these conditions. These examinations provide valuable information that cannot be obtained through other methods, contributing to our understanding of the brain and its complexities.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590837,"front":"What are the advantages and disadvantages of using fMRI for brain studies?","back":"fMRI is low-risk, involves no radiation, and produces very detailed images. However, it is expensive, has a time-lag, and cannot be used to see the activity of individual neurons.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"fMRI is advantageous for its non-invasive nature and high-resolution imaging capabilities. Yet, its cost, temporal limitations, and inability to directly observe neuronal activity are drawbacks. These factors influence its utility and interpretation in brain research.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590838,"front":"What are the advantages and disadvantages of using EEGs for brain studies?","back":"EEGs are useful in diagnosing conditions such as epilepsy and measuring brain activity almost instantaneously. However, the information gained is very generalised, so it can’t be used to isolate exact neural activity.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"EEGs offer real-time insights into brain activity, aiding in diagnosing conditions quickly. Yet, their generalized data limits pinpointing specific neural processes. This balance between speed and specificity is crucial in understanding the advantages and limitations of EEGs in brain studies.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590839,"front":"What are circadian rhythms?","back":"Circadian rhythms are biological rhythms that last around 24 hours. They are changes in the body’s processes in response to environmental changes.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Circadian rhythms are crucial for regulating various physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles, hormone production, and body temperature. These rhythms are synchronized with the day-night cycle, impacting overall health and well-being. Disruptions to circadian rhythms can lead to various health issues.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590840,"front":"What is the sleep/wake cycle and how is it influenced?","back":"The sleep/wake cycle is an example of a circadian rhythm. It is influenced by the daylight (or lack of it), which contributes to feelings of drowsiness or being awake.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The sleep/wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm, is regulated by the body's internal clock located in the brain. This clock responds to environmental cues, primarily light exposure, which helps synchronize the cycle to a 24-hour day. Melatonin, a hormone affected by light, also plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep/wake cycle.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590841,"front":"What are the practical applications of research into circadian rhythms?","back":"Research into circadian rhythms can help manage the shift patterns of night workers so that they are more productive and make fewer mistakes.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Studying circadian rhythms can optimize shift schedules for night workers, enhancing productivity and reducing errors. Understanding these rhythms aids in creating healthier work environments and improving overall performance in various industries.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590842,"front":"Describe the impact of circadian rhythms on drug effectiveness.","back":"Circadian rhythms can affect how drugs impact the body. Therefore, guidelines can be developed for patients as to when they should take drugs for maximum impact.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Circadian rhythms influence the body's metabolism and response to medications, affecting drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. Understanding these rhythms can optimize drug timing for better efficacy and reduced side effects, enhancing overall treatment outcomes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590849,"front":"Define Infradian Rhythms and provide an example.","back":"Infradian Rhythms are biological rhythms that take place over a longer time than 24 hours. An example is the menstrual cycle, which takes place over around 28 days.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Infradian rhythms are essential for regulating processes like reproduction and growth. They are influenced by external factors like light, temperature, and social interactions. Understanding these rhythms can help in predicting and managing various physiological and behavioral changes in organisms.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590856,"front":"Explain the concept of Ultradian Rhythms and give an example.","back":"Ultradian Rhythms are biological rhythms that occur more than once within a 24-hour period. An example is the different stages of sleep, of which 5 distinct stages have been identified.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Ultradian rhythms are biological rhythms that repeat multiple times within a 24-hour period. They are different from circadian rhythms, which occur once a day. An example of an ultradian rhythm is the sleep cycle, which consists of multiple stages including REM and non-REM sleep. These stages repeat throughout the night in a cyclical pattern.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590862,"front":"How does Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) relate to infradian rhythms?","back":"Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is an infradian rhythm, characterized by changes to mood. Sufferers feel a lowered mood, and lowered activity levels, during the winter months when daylight is shorter.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is related to infradian rhythms because it follows a pattern that occurs over a longer period of time, specifically during the winter months when daylight is shorter. This suggests that the disorder is influenced by changes in environmental factors, such as the amount of sunlight, which can disrupt the body's internal clock and affect mood and activity levels. The symptoms of SAD align with the characteristic changes seen in other infradian rhythms, further supporting the connection between SAD and this type of biological rhythm.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590868,"front":"What is the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in maintaining circadian rhythms?","back":"The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located in the brain’s hypothalamus, is influential in the maintenance of circadian rhythms. It receives information about light from a structure called the optic chiasm, which sends messages from the eye to the visual area of the cerebral cortex.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The SCN acts as the body's master clock, synchronizing various physiological processes with the day-night cycle. By processing light signals, it regulates melatonin production and influences sleep-wake patterns, hormone release, and other daily rhythms, ensuring optimal functioning aligned with environmental changes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590881,"front":"Describe the effect of pheromones on the menstrual cycle according to McClintock et al (1998).","back":"McClintock et al (1998) found that collecting pheromones from women with irregular cycles and rubbing them on the lips of other women caused the ‘receiver’ of the pheromones to experience changes in their cycle, bringing them closer to the pheromone ‘donor’.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Pheromones can synchronize menstrual cycles, as shown by McClintock et al (1998) through their experiment. This synchronization effect highlights the potential role of chemical signals in influencing reproductive processes among women.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590894,"front":"What is REM sleep and how is it related to dreaming?","back":"REM sleep (rapid eye movement) is a stage of sleep where the pons (part of the brain) paralyses the body to stop the person from ‘acting out’ their dreams. The eyelids move in a fast, jerky fashion at this point, which is correlated with dreaming.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"During REM sleep, the brain is highly active, similar to when awake, leading to vivid dreams. The paralysis during this stage prevents physical movement, allowing the mind to experience dreams without acting them out. The eye movements correspond to the visual activity in dreams.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590904,"front":"Describe the role of the SCN in sleep/wake cycles based on animal studies.","back":"The SCN (Suprachiasmatic Nucleus) regulates sleep/wake cycles. Animal studies have shown that if the SCN connections are destroyed, the animals no longer have a sleep/wake cycle. For example, this was observed in chipmunks by DeCoursey et al (2000).","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) serves as the body's internal clock, synchronizing biological processes like the sleep/wake cycle. Animal studies, such as the one by DeCoursey et al. (2000) on chipmunks, demonstrate that disrupting SCN connections leads to the absence of a regular sleep/wake pattern.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590908,"front":"How does the pineal gland and melatonin affect sleep?","back":"The SCN passes information about daylight to the pineal gland, which is located behind the hypothalamus. This gland increases melatonin production, which induces sleep and is inhibited when a person is awake.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The pineal gland produces melatonin in response to signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) based on light levels. Melatonin helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle by promoting sleepiness. Its production increases in darkness and decreases in light, influencing our circadian rhythm.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590909,"front":"Define 'entrainment' in the context of biological rhythms.","back":"'Entrainment' refers to the process by which environmental factors influence biological rhythms, such as the sleep/wake cycle.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Entrainment is crucial for synchronizing internal biological rhythms with external cues like light-dark cycles. This alignment helps organisms adapt to their environment efficiently. It plays a significant role in regulating various physiological processes, ensuring optimal functioning.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590910,"front":"How does light affect the sleep/wake cycle?","back":"Light resets the SCN, which has a key effect on the sleep/wake cycle. Hormone production and other processes are also influenced by light. For example, Campbell and Murphy (1998) found that skin can detect light, affecting the duration of sleep/wake cycles.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Light plays a crucial role in regulating the body's internal clock by resetting the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). This influences hormone production and various physiological processes. Research has shown that even the skin can respond to light, impacting the duration of the sleep/wake cycle.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590916,"front":"Explain the role of social cues in the sleep/wake cycle.","back":"Social cues can influence the sleep/wake cycle. For example, infants have no set sleep/wake cycle until about 6 weeks of age, and this process generally continues until around 16 weeks, when babies are entrained. This could be due to the schedules imposed on them by parents.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":null,"deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590923,"front":"What are 'peripheral oscillators' and how do they relate to circadian rhythms?","back":"'Peripheral oscillators' are cells in organs of the body that have their own circadian rhythms. For example, changing feeding patterns in mice led to changes in the rhythms of the mice’s livers.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":null,"deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1590930,"front":"What are some ethical considerations in sleep/wake cycle research?","back":"Research often involves harm to animals. For example, in the DeCoursey study, many of the chipmunks were killed by predators after their sleep/wake cycle was destroyed. This raises questions about the ethical justification of such research.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":null,"deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"fmU9C","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

Options

Arrange Cards

Chronological

Random

Card Direction

Front First

Back First

Share this deck

Click to copy

Delete this deck

Are you sure you want to delete this deck? This cannot be undone.

Split Brain Research Flashcards

Sign Up

New Day

Current Quiz

Spaced Repetition

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️
Flashcards

🧠
Exam Mode

⏳
Spaced Repetition

🎯
Generate Quiz

Split Brain Research

A-Level AQA Psychology

Combine

Export

Front

Back

Print Flashcards

Print Type

Font Size

Rows Per Page

Options

Arrange Cards

Card Direction

Share this deck

Delete this deck

Sign Up

Split Brain Research Flashcards

Sign Up

New Day

Current Quiz

Spaced Repetition

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️ Flashcards

🧠 Exam Mode

⏳ Spaced Repetition

🎯 Generate Quiz

Split Brain Research

A-Level AQA Psychology

Combine

Export

Front

Back

Print Flashcards

Print Type

Font Size

Rows Per Page

Options

Arrange Cards

Card Direction

Share this deck

Delete this deck

Sign Up

🗂️
Flashcards

🧠
Exam Mode

⏳
Spaced Repetition

🎯
Generate Quiz