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Sources of Stress: Workplace Stress

A-Level AQA Psychology

This pack of flashcards encompasses models of job stress, personality types linked to stress, measuring stress through scales, and the effectiveness of stress management techniques. It covers key studies, criticisms of models, drug therapies, and psychological methods like Stress Inoculation Therapy, highlighting their limitations and potential effects on stress resistance and management.

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"Describe the Job demands-control model proposed by Karasek (1979)."	"The Job demands-control model suggests that stressful elements of a job, including high workload and demand, can lead to stress-related illness and absenteeism. However, the effects of this are reduced when a person has control over their work."
"What were the findings of Marmot et al (1997) study on the effects of control on stress and illness?"	"The study found that there was no correlation between workload and illness, however a lack of control was strongly associated with the development of coronary heart disease, even accounting for lifestyle factors, and personality differences."
"How did Johansson et al (1978) study contribute to the understanding of workplace stress?"	"The study concluded that high demand, together with a lack of control, is linked with stress-related illness. This was based on the observation that the 'finishers' group, who had high demand and low control, had higher levels of stress hormones, illness and absenteeism rates."
"What is the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) developed by Holmes and Rahe?"	"The SRRS is a scale developed to measure the effect of life changes on stress. It includes a list of 43 major life events, each assigned a life change unit (LCU) score based on the amount of readjustment required. The total LCU score is calculated by adding up the scores of events experienced over a few months."
"What is the Hassles and Uplifts Scale developed by Kanner et al (1981)?"	"The Hassles and Uplifts Scale is a measure developed to assess the effects of daily hassles on stress and illness."
"What are the criticisms of the job demands-control model?"	"The model is considered over-simplistic as it does not consider factors like support from colleagues, the kind of work done, and individual perception of workload and control. It also does not account for cultural differences in perception of control at work, and individual personality traits like self-efficacy."
"Describe the Hassles and Uplifts Scale."	"The Hassles and Uplifts Scale consists of 117 items selected from seven categories: work, health, family, friends, environment, practical considerations and chance occurrences. The severity of these is measured on a three-point scale- somewhat, moderately, extremely severe, so the participant can select how severe that hassle is for them. The Uplifts Scale works in a similar way, consisting of 135 items from the same seven areas."
"How does the Skin Conductance Response work?"	"The Skin Conductance Response utilises one element of the fight or flight response, that of increased perspiration. The participant has electrodes attached to their fingers, and a tiny electric current is applied to the electrodes. As the person sweats more, more electricity is conducted, suggesting the person is becoming increasingly stressed."
"Define Type A personality."	"Type A personality is characterized by competitiveness, time urgency, and hostility. These individuals are achievement-motivated, ambitious, aware of status, view life as a series of challenges, are fast-talking, impatient, very proactive, like multi-tasking, dislike creative pursuits, and exhibit aggression, intolerance, anger, inflexibility."
"Define Type B personality."	"Type B personality is essentially the opposite to Type A. These individuals are laid-back, relaxed, not time-urgent, tolerant, and not competitive."
"What is a Type C personality?"	"Type C personalities are characterised by 'pathological niceness', meaning they are very patient, compliant, passive, put others first, and strive to avoid conflict. This may involve repressing their true feelings and emotions, making them vulnerable to illness, especially cancer."
"Do self-report measures have any limitations in measuring stress?"	"Yes, self-report measures mean that the categories are open to interpretation by participants. For example, ‘illness’ could mean anything to a mild cold to a broken leg or cancer. This brings into question the validity of self-report measures to measure stress."
"What are the issues with using the SRRS and the Hassles and Uplifts Scale to measure stress-related illness?"	"Using the SRRS and the Hassles and Uplifts Scale to measure stress-related illness is problematic as the things being measured may overlap. For example, experiencing a stress-related illness is in itself a life event. Therefore, there are serious methodological problems in using such scales to try to measure the effect of stress."
"Describe the Type A personality and its link to stress-related illness."	"Type A personality is a behavior category that is often linked with stress-related illness. However, it's thought that hostility, a component of Type A behavior, is the key factor linking with stress. Research has found a strong link between hostility and CHD death rates, suggesting that it's not accurate to say that Type A personalities generally are linked with illness, but rather a specific aspect of Type A behavior."
"Define the Type C personality and its relationship with cancer."	"Type C personality is often linked with cancer-proneness. However, research into this link is mixed and inconsistent, suggesting that the relationship is likely moderated by other factors, which weakens the link between Type C behavior and illness."
"What is hardiness and how does it relate to stress resistance?"	"Hardiness is a key personality factor in being able to resist stress. It consists of three elements: Commitment, Challenge, and Control. Research suggests that people with a hardy personality, who score highly on these three elements, are better able to resist stress."
"What is the role of Benzodiazepines (BZs) in stress management?"	"Benzodiazepines (BZs) like diazepam aim to reduce arousal in the central nervous system, thereby reducing anxiety. They enhance the body's natural response to anxiety by making neurons more responsive to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and less responsive to other neurotransmitters, leading to a reduction of neural activity."
"Describe the concept of 'hardiness' as proposed by Kobasa (1979) and Maddi (1986)."	"Hardiness is a personality trait that helps individuals resist stress. It consists of three elements: Commitment (a deep involvement in life), Challenge (viewing stressful situations as challenges to overcome), and Control (believing that one can influence their environment and conditions). Research suggests that individuals with high levels of these traits are better able to resist stress."
"How does drug therapy aim to reduce the physiological effects of stress?"	"Drug therapy involves taking drugs that have a chemical effect on the body, with the aim to reduce the physiological effects of stress. For example, Benzodiazepines (BZs) reduce arousal in the central nervous system, enhancing the body's natural response to anxiety and leading to a reduction of neural activity."
"Describe the function of Beta-blockers (BBs) in the body."	"Beta-blockers act on the sympathetic nervous system and work around the body, not just in the brain. They block 'beta-adrenergic' receptors on cells, reducing the effect of stress hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. This leads to lowered heart rates and reduced blood pressure."
"How do Beta-blockers (BBs) affect performance in sports?"	"Beta-blockers can be used as performance-enhancing drugs in sports which require precision, such as shooting, because they reduce anxiety without directly affecting the brain, allowing the person to remain fully alert."
"Define Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) and its stages."	"Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) is a psychological method of stress management which aims to change the way a person thinks about or perceives a potentially stressful situation. It has three stages: Conceptualisation phase, Skills acquisition/rehearsal phase, and Real-life application/follow-through phase."
"What are the potential limitations of drug therapy for stress management?"	"Drug therapy can have side effects, which can be quite serious. It also treats the physiological symptoms of stress, but does not address the cause. When the drug is stopped, the symptoms of stress may reappear."
"How does Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) compare to drug therapy in terms of effort and long-term effectiveness?"	"SIT takes quite a lot of time and cognitive effort as it involves fundamentally changing the way a person thinks. However, the techniques and skills learned can be put into practice before a stressor can have an effect, making SIT more effective than drug therapy in treating the causes of stress rather than just managing the physiological response."
"What are the potential drawbacks of Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT)?"	"SIT requires a high level of motivation from the client as it involves fundamentally changing the way a person thinks. This may make it unsuitable for some people. It also takes quite a lot of time, typically lasting for 9-12 sessions of around 90 minutes, over a period of a few weeks or months."

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Describe the Job demands-control model proposed by Karasek (1979).

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The Job demands-control model suggests that stressful elements of a job, including high workload and demand, can lead to stress-related illness and absenteeism. However, the effects of this are reduced when a person has control over their work.

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[{"id":1629708,"front":"Describe the Job demands-control model proposed by Karasek (1979).","back":"The Job demands-control model suggests that stressful elements of a job, including high workload and demand, can lead to stress-related illness and absenteeism. However, the effects of this are reduced when a person has control over their work.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Job demands-control model by Karasek highlights the impact of job stress on health outcomes. It emphasizes that high job demands coupled with low control can result in adverse health effects. Conversely, having control over one's work can mitigate the negative consequences of job demands.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629715,"front":"What were the findings of Marmot et al (1997) study on the effects of control on stress and illness?","back":"The study found that there was no correlation between workload and illness, however a lack of control was strongly associated with the development of coronary heart disease, even accounting for lifestyle factors, and personality differences.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The study conducted by Marmot et al (1997) highlighted the significant impact of perceived control on health outcomes, particularly the development of coronary heart disease. This underscores the importance of autonomy and control in mitigating stress-related health risks, independent of workload or other individual characteristics.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629725,"front":"How did Johansson et al (1978) study contribute to the understanding of workplace stress?","back":"The study concluded that high demand, together with a lack of control, is linked with stress-related illness. This was based on the observation that the 'finishers' group, who had high demand and low control, had higher levels of stress hormones, illness and absenteeism rates.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Johansson et al (1978) contributed to workplace stress understanding by highlighting the impact of high demand and low control on stress-related illness. Their findings emphasized the importance of balancing workload and autonomy to mitigate stress and its consequences in the workplace.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629741,"front":"What is the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) developed by Holmes and Rahe?","back":"The SRRS is a scale developed to measure the effect of life changes on stress. It includes a list of 43 major life events, each assigned a life change unit (LCU) score based on the amount of readjustment required. The total LCU score is calculated by adding up the scores of events experienced over a few months.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) by Holmes and Rahe quantifies stress from life events. Each event's score reflects its impact on readjustment. The cumulative score indicates stress levels. This tool helps assess how various life changes can contribute to stress.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629749,"front":"What is the Hassles and Uplifts Scale developed by Kanner et al (1981)?","back":"The Hassles and Uplifts Scale is a measure developed to assess the effects of daily hassles on stress and illness.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Hassles and Uplifts Scale by Kanner et al (1981) is a tool designed to capture the impact of everyday stressors on overall well-being. It focuses on both negative (hassles) and positive (uplifts) daily experiences, offering a comprehensive view of stress beyond major life events.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629759,"front":"What are the criticisms of the job demands-control model?","back":"The model is considered over-simplistic as it does not consider factors like support from colleagues, the kind of work done, and individual perception of workload and control. It also does not account for cultural differences in perception of control at work, and individual personality traits like self-efficacy.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The criticisms of the job demands-control model stem from its oversimplified nature, overlooking crucial elements like social support, specific job tasks, and personal interpretations of workload and control. Additionally, it fails to accommodate variations in cultural perspectives on work control and individual traits such as self-efficacy.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629774,"front":"Describe the Hassles and Uplifts Scale.","back":"The Hassles and Uplifts Scale consists of 117 items selected from seven categories: work, health, family, friends, environment, practical considerations and chance occurrences. The severity of these is measured on a three-point scale- somewhat, moderately, extremely severe, so the participant can select how severe that hassle is for them. The Uplifts Scale works in a similar way, consisting of 135 items from the same seven areas.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Hassles and Uplifts Scale is a comprehensive tool that assesses daily stressors and positive experiences across various life domains. It allows individuals to rate the severity of these events, providing valuable insights into their overall well-being and stress levels.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629779,"front":"How does the Skin Conductance Response work?","back":"The Skin Conductance Response utilises one element of the fight or flight response, that of increased perspiration. The participant has electrodes attached to their fingers, and a tiny electric current is applied to the electrodes. As the person sweats more, more electricity is conducted, suggesting the person is becoming increasingly stressed.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Skin Conductance Response measures changes in skin conductance due to sweating, indicating physiological arousal. It is a non-invasive method commonly used in psychology and neuroscience to assess emotional responses and stress levels in individuals. By monitoring electrical conductivity on the skin's surface, researchers can gain insights into emotional reactions and cognitive processes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629785,"front":"Define Type A personality.","back":"Type A personality is characterized by competitiveness, time urgency, and hostility. These individuals are achievement-motivated, ambitious, aware of status, view life as a series of challenges, are fast-talking, impatient, very proactive, like multi-tasking, dislike creative pursuits, and exhibit aggression, intolerance, anger, inflexibility.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Type A personality traits were first described in the 1950s by cardiologists studying heart disease. The behavior patterns associated with Type A individuals have been linked to a higher risk of heart disease due to the chronic stress and hostility often exhibited by those with this personality type.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629786,"front":"Define Type B personality.","back":"Type B personality is essentially the opposite to Type A. These individuals are laid-back, relaxed, not time-urgent, tolerant, and not competitive.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Type B personalities are known for their calm and easygoing nature, contrasting with the more competitive and time-conscious Type A individuals. They tend to be more patient, creative, and flexible in their approach to life and work. This personality type is associated with lower stress levels and a more balanced lifestyle.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629787,"front":"What is a Type C personality?","back":"Type C personalities are characterised by 'pathological niceness', meaning they are very patient, compliant, passive, put others first, and strive to avoid conflict. This may involve repressing their true feelings and emotions, making them vulnerable to illness, especially cancer.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Type C personalities tend to prioritize harmony and avoid confrontation, often at the expense of their own needs. This behavior can lead to internalizing stress, potentially impacting their physical health. The suppression of emotions may contribute to a higher susceptibility to illnesses like cancer.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629788,"front":"Do self-report measures have any limitations in measuring stress?","back":"Yes, self-report measures mean that the categories are open to interpretation by participants. For example, ‘illness’ could mean anything to a mild cold to a broken leg or cancer. This brings into question the validity of self-report measures to measure stress.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Self-report measures rely on individuals' subjective perceptions, which can vary widely. Factors like mood, memory, and social desirability can influence responses, impacting the accuracy of stress assessment. Additionally, self-reports may not capture physiological or subconscious aspects of stress.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629789,"front":"What are the issues with using the SRRS and the Hassles and Uplifts Scale to measure stress-related illness?","back":"Using the SRRS and the Hassles and Uplifts Scale to measure stress-related illness is problematic as the things being measured may overlap. For example, experiencing a stress-related illness is in itself a life event. Therefore, there are serious methodological problems in using such scales to try to measure the effect of stress.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The SRRS and Hassles and Uplifts Scale may not effectively differentiate between the stressors being measured, leading to potential overlap. Additionally, experiencing a stress-related illness can itself be a significant life event, complicating the measurement of stress effects using these scales.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629790,"front":"Describe the Type A personality and its link to stress-related illness.","back":"Type A personality is a behavior category that is often linked with stress-related illness. However, it's thought that hostility, a component of Type A behavior, is the key factor linking with stress. Research has found a strong link between hostility and CHD death rates, suggesting that it's not accurate to say that Type A personalities generally are linked with illness, but rather a specific aspect of Type A behavior.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Type A personality traits like competitiveness and time urgency are often associated with stress-related illnesses. However, research indicates that hostility, a key component of Type A behavior, is the primary factor linked to stress and health issues, particularly coronary heart disease. It's crucial to recognize that not all aspects of Type A behavior are uniformly linked to illness.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629791,"front":"Define the Type C personality and its relationship with cancer.","back":"Type C personality is often linked with cancer-proneness. However, research into this link is mixed and inconsistent, suggesting that the relationship is likely moderated by other factors, which weakens the link between Type C behavior and illness.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The association between Type C personality and cancer has been a topic of interest, but studies have shown conflicting results. Other variables may influence this relationship, indicating a more nuanced connection between Type C behavior and health outcomes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629792,"front":"What is hardiness and how does it relate to stress resistance?","back":"Hardiness is a key personality factor in being able to resist stress. It consists of three elements: Commitment, Challenge, and Control. Research suggests that people with a hardy personality, who score highly on these three elements, are better able to resist stress.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Hardiness plays a crucial role in stress resistance due to its components: Commitment, Challenge, and Control. Individuals high in hardiness tend to view stressful situations as opportunities for growth, maintain a sense of control, and stay committed to their goals, enhancing their ability to withstand and overcome stressors.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629793,"front":"What is the role of Benzodiazepines (BZs) in stress management?","back":"Benzodiazepines (BZs) like diazepam aim to reduce arousal in the central nervous system, thereby reducing anxiety. They enhance the body's natural response to anxiety by making neurons more responsive to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and less responsive to other neurotransmitters, leading to a reduction of neural activity.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Benzodiazepines (BZs) work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the brain, which helps reduce anxiety and stress. By modulating neural activity, BZs can effectively manage symptoms of anxiety disorders and promote relaxation.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629794,"front":"Describe the concept of 'hardiness' as proposed by Kobasa (1979) and Maddi (1986).","back":"Hardiness is a personality trait that helps individuals resist stress. It consists of three elements: Commitment (a deep involvement in life), Challenge (viewing stressful situations as challenges to overcome), and Control (believing that one can influence their environment and conditions). Research suggests that individuals with high levels of these traits are better able to resist stress.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Hardiness, as outlined by Kobasa and Maddi, is a psychological trait aiding in stress resistance. It comprises Commitment, Challenge, and Control. Those high in hardiness tend to confront stress as surmountable challenges due to their deep engagement, positive outlook, and belief in their ability to impact their surroundings.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629798,"front":"How does drug therapy aim to reduce the physiological effects of stress?","back":"Drug therapy involves taking drugs that have a chemical effect on the body, with the aim to reduce the physiological effects of stress. For example, Benzodiazepines (BZs) reduce arousal in the central nervous system, enhancing the body's natural response to anxiety and leading to a reduction of neural activity.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Drug therapy for stress aims to reduce physiological effects by targeting the central nervous system. Benzodiazepines, a common drug used, work by enhancing the body's natural response to anxiety, ultimately decreasing neural activity and calming the individual.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629805,"front":"Describe the function of Beta-blockers (BBs) in the body.","back":"Beta-blockers act on the sympathetic nervous system and work around the body, not just in the brain. They block 'beta-adrenergic' receptors on cells, reducing the effect of stress hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. This leads to lowered heart rates and reduced blood pressure.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Beta-blockers are commonly used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. By blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, they help reduce the workload on the heart and decrease its oxygen demand. This results in improved heart function and overall cardiovascular health.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629806,"front":"How do Beta-blockers (BBs) affect performance in sports?","back":"Beta-blockers can be used as performance-enhancing drugs in sports which require precision, such as shooting, because they reduce anxiety without directly affecting the brain, allowing the person to remain fully alert.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":null,"deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629813,"front":"Define Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) and its stages.","back":"Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) is a psychological method of stress management which aims to change the way a person thinks about or perceives a potentially stressful situation. It has three stages: Conceptualisation phase, Skills acquisition/rehearsal phase, and Real-life application/follow-through phase.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) helps individuals develop coping skills for managing stress by restructuring their thoughts. The three stages involve understanding the issue, acquiring skills, and applying them in real-life situations to build resilience.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629820,"front":"What are the potential limitations of drug therapy for stress management?","back":"Drug therapy can have side effects, which can be quite serious. It also treats the physiological symptoms of stress, but does not address the cause. When the drug is stopped, the symptoms of stress may reappear.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Drug therapy for stress management may have limitations due to potential serious side effects, only treating symptoms without addressing the root cause of stress, and the possibility of symptoms returning once the drug is discontinued. It's essential to consider these factors when opting for drug therapy.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629824,"front":"How does Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) compare to drug therapy in terms of effort and long-term effectiveness?","back":"SIT takes quite a lot of time and cognitive effort as it involves fundamentally changing the way a person thinks. However, the techniques and skills learned can be put into practice before a stressor can have an effect, making SIT more effective than drug therapy in treating the causes of stress rather than just managing the physiological response.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT) requires significant time and cognitive effort to alter thought patterns. It focuses on addressing the root causes of stress, offering long-term benefits. In contrast, drug therapy primarily manages the physical symptoms of stress without addressing underlying issues.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1629825,"front":"What are the potential drawbacks of Stress Inoculation Therapy (SIT)?","back":"SIT requires a high level of motivation from the client as it involves fundamentally changing the way a person thinks. This may make it unsuitable for some people. It also takes quite a lot of time, typically lasting for 9-12 sessions of around 90 minutes, over a period of a few weeks or months.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":null,"deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"L9mqs","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

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