Group 2Flashcards - AQA Chemistry

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What is the pH of a suspension of magnesium hydroxide in water?

Slightly alkaline (pH 9).

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"What is the pH of a suspension of magnesium hydroxide in water?"	"Slightly alkaline (pH 9)."
"What is the common name for an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide?"	"Lime water."
"What can lime water be used as a test for?"	"Carbon dioxide."
"Why is magnesium hydroxide used in medicine?"	"To neutralize excess acid in the stomach and treat constipation."
"What is the solubility trend of Group II sulfates down the group?"	"Group II sulfates become less soluble down the group."
"What is the least soluble Group II sulfate?"	"BaSO4."
"What is the purpose of using magnesium hydroxide in agriculture?"	"To neutralize acidic soils."
"What is the medical use of BaSO4?"	"As a 'Barium meal' for x-rays of the intestines."
"Why is it safe to use BaSO4 in medicine despite its toxicity?"	"Its low solubility means it is not absorbed into the blood."
"What happens when barium metal reacts with sulfuric acid?"	"Insoluble barium sulfate is produced, acting as a barrier to further reaction."
"What are precipitation reactions?"	"Precipitation reactions occur when two solutions of ions are mixed, resulting in the formation of an insoluble salt, known as a precipitate."
"Describe the process of making an insoluble salt."	"When making an insoluble salt, the salt is typically removed by filtration, washed with distilled water to remove soluble impurities, and then dried on filter paper."
"What are the common rules for solubility of salts?"	"Some common rules for solubility of salts include: all sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts are soluble, all nitrates are soluble, most chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except for silver, lead, and barium salts, and most sulfates are soluble except for lead, strontium, and barium sulfates."
"Describe gravitational filtration."	"Gravitational filtration is a type of filtration where the mixture is poured onto a filter paper in a funnel, and the liquid passes through the paper due to gravity, leaving behind the solid residue."
"What is the purpose of writing ionic equations for precipitation reactions?"	"Ionic equations are used to show the specific ions that are reacting in a precipitation reaction, while excluding spectator ions that do not change state or oxidation number."
"What are the properties of titanium that make it a useful metal?"	"Titanium is useful because it is abundant, has a low density, and is corrosion resistant. It is used to make strong, light alloys for aircraft."
"Define atomic radius for Group 2 elements."	"Atomic radius increases down the group as the distance between positive ions and delocalized electrons increases."
"Explain the trend in 1st ionization energy for Group 2 elements."	"1st ionization energy decreases down the group as the outermost electrons are successively further from the nucleus and become more shielded by inner shell electrons."
"What is the trend in reactivity for Group 2 metals?"	"Reactivity of Group 2 metals increases down the group."
"Describe the reaction of Group 2 metals with oxygen."	"Group 2 metals will burn in oxygen, forming metal oxides. Magnesium burns with a bright white flame."
"What is the product of the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?"	"The product is magnesium oxide (MgO)."
"Explain why it is important to clean off the layer of magnesium oxide before reacting magnesium with acid."	"An un-cleaned magnesium ribbon would give a false result in reaction rate tests because both the magnesium and magnesium oxide would react, but at different rates."
"Describe the reaction of magnesium with water."	"Magnesium reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and hydrogen gas (H2). The reaction is slower than the reaction with steam and does not produce a flame."
"Describe the process of extracting titanium using magnesium."	"Titanium is extracted by reacting TiO2 with Cl2 and C in the presence of Mg at high temperatures. The TiO2 is converted to TiCl4, which is then purified by fractional distillation. Finally, the TiCl4 is reacted with Mg to extract titanium metal."
"Describe the trend in melting points for Group 2 elements."	"Melting points decrease down the group as the metallic bonding weakens with increasing atomic size."
"Why can't titanium be extracted with carbon?"	"Titanium cannot be extracted with carbon because titanium carbide (TiC) is formed instead of titanium metal."
"How is titanium extracted from its ore?"	"Titanium is extracted by reacting TiO2 with a more reactive metal, such as magnesium (Mg), in an argon atmosphere at high temperatures."
"What makes the extraction of titanium expensive?"	"The extraction of titanium is expensive due to the cost of magnesium, the batch process which requires filling and emptying reactors, the need for argon and moisture removal, and the high temperatures required in the extraction steps."
"Describe the solubility trend of Group II hydroxides down the group."	"Group II hydroxides become more soluble down the group."
"What color do Group II hydroxides appear as when they are not soluble?"	"White precipitates."
"What is the classification of magnesium hydroxide in water?"	"Insoluble."
"What is the classification of calcium hydroxide in water?"	"Partially soluble."

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