New Day

Current Quiz

You previously generated a quiz from this deck.

Spaced Repetition

This mode helps you retain information by reviewing flashcards at optimal intervals, focusing on what needs the most reinforcement each day.

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️
Flashcards

The standard way to view your flashcards without any extras

🧠
Exam Mode

Practice active recall and assess your answers with AI

⏳
Spaced Repetition

Memorize your flashcards using a scientifically proven method

🎯
Generate Quiz

Use AI to generate a quiz based on the same content

Describe the first filter level in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory of romantic relationships.

The first filter level is social demography. This includes factors like proximity, social class, education level, occupation, religion, and ethnicity. These factors influence the likelihood of potential partners meeting in the first place and lead to 'homogamy' - forming a relationship with someone similar socially and culturally.

1 / 26

Combine

All flashcards from the current deck will be added to the deck selected from this list.

Export

This text is tab separated and can be imported into various flashcard apps.

"Describe the first filter level in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory of romantic relationships."	"The first filter level is social demography. This includes factors like proximity, social class, education level, occupation, religion, and ethnicity. These factors influence the likelihood of potential partners meeting in the first place and lead to 'homogamy' - forming a relationship with someone similar socially and culturally."
"What is the second filter level in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory?"	"The second filter level is similarity in attitudes. After the field of availables has been narrowed by demography, those left likely share similar values, attitudes, and beliefs. This similarity encourages deeper communication and more self-disclosure."
"Define the third filter level - complementarity - in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory."	"Complementarity is the ability of partners to meet each other's needs. A characteristic of one partner is complemented by the other. This makes relationships work as the two partners see themselves as 'fitting together' well."
"What is the Social Exchange Theory in the context of relationships?"	"Social Exchange Theory is an 'economic theory' of a relationship. It suggests that people in relationships wish to give and receive something, acting out of self-interest. Relationship satisfaction is judged by considering the 'rewards' and 'costs' the relationship produces, with people seeking to minimise losses and maximise rewards."
"What is the 'minimax principle' in the context of the Social Exchange Theory?"	"The 'minimax principle' refers to the idea that people seek to minimise the losses and maximise the rewards in a relationship, leading to 'profit'."
"What does 'Comparison level (CL)' refer to in the context of the Social Exchange Theory?"	"Comparison level (CL) is a measure of the profit in a relationship, referring to the amount of reward a person thinks they deserve to get. It is influenced by previous relationships and social norms."
"Describe the concept of Comparison Level (CL) in relationship development."	"Comparison Level (CL) is a measure of the profit a person expects from a relationship. If a person's CL is high, they believe the relationship is worth pursuing. People with high self-esteem are more likely to have a high CL, meaning they expect greater rewards from the relationship."
"What is the Comparison Level for Alternatives (CLalt) in relationship development?"	"Comparison Level for Alternatives (CLalt) is a measure of profit that involves a person considering whether they would get more rewards, and fewer costs, from another relationship, or from being single. A person will remain in the relationship if they think that the current relationship will give greater profit than the alternatives."
"Define the four stages of relationship development according to Thibault and Kelley."	"The four stages are: 1) Sampling stage: exploring the rewards and costs of relationships through experimentation. 2) Bargaining stage: the beginning of a relationship, where various costs and rewards are identified through exchange and negotiation. 3) Commitment stage: costs and rewards become more predictable and the relationship becomes more stable. 4) Institutionalisation stage: the norms of the relationship are firmly established."
"Explain the concept of Equity in the context of relationships."	"Equity refers to fairness in a relationship. It suggests that what is most important is that the level of 'profit' in a relationship is roughly equal for both partners. If it is not, then one partner overbenefits, and the other underbenefits, which may lead to resentment and anger in the 'underbenefitted' partner, threatening the relationship. If the relationship is perceived to be fair, both partners will be satisfied."
"What are the consequences of inequity in a relationship?"	"If a partner invests a lot in a relationship, but gets little out of it, then they will become dissatisfied. Both the overbenefitted and underbenefitted partner will notice the inequity. The perception of inequity can change over time. To deal with the inequity, a partner may work harder to try to restore equity, or may cognitively revise their perceptions of what counts as rewards and costs, so that the relationship comes to be seen by them as equitable, even though nothing has really changed."
"What is the main criticism of the Social Exchange Theory (SET) in the context of romantic relationships?"	"The main criticism of SET is that it may be based on a faulty assumption that economic exchange characterises romantic relationships. It is argued that partners in a romantic relationship do not keep 'score' of who is ahead and behind on rewards and costs, weakening the prediction of SET."
"How does the Equity Theory differ from the Social Exchange Theory in explaining relationship satisfaction?"	"While the Social Exchange Theory focuses on the balance of costs and rewards in a relationship, the Equity Theory emphasizes the importance of fairness. According to the Equity Theory, what matters is not the amount of rewards and costs, but the ratio between them. A relationship is satisfying if it is perceived to be fair, even if the distribution of rewards and costs is not equal."
"Describe the cultural differences in the link between equity and satisfaction in relationships according to Aumer-Ryan et al (2007)."	"Aumer-Ryan et al (2007) found that those in collectivist cultures were more likely to be satisfied when overbenefitting in a relationship, whereas in individualist cultures equity was more associated with satisfaction."
"What is the argument of Huseman et al (1987) regarding equity in relationships?"	"Huseman et al (1987) argue that not all people are concerned with the need for equity. Some take more satisfaction from contributing more to a relationship, whereas others are prepared to ‘overbenefit’ without guilt."
"Define Rusbult’s Investment Model."	"Rusbult’s Investment Model suggests that commitment is an important factor in relationships, referring to the intention or desire to continue the relationship. Commitment is affected by satisfaction and comparison with alternatives, investment size, and relationship maintenance mechanisms."
"How does the size of investment affect commitment in a relationship according to Rusbult’s Investment Model?"	"If the size of the investment increases, along with the sense of satisfaction being seen as acceptable, each partner’s commitment to the relationship will be stronger."
"How does Rusbult’s Investment Model explain why partners stay in abusive relationships?"	"The theory can be used to explain why partners stay in abusive relationships, where the abused partner clearly cannot be satisfied. There is evidence that female victims of domestic abuse who stayed with their partner were more likely to report having invested a great deal in the relationship."
"What is the criticism of Rusbult’s Investment Model regarding the concept of investment?"	"Investment may have been oversimplified in the theory. This is because in the early stages of a relationship, little investment is made by either partner, but this does not mean the relationship does not last. Therefore, investment may need to be extended to include factors such as future planning."
"Describe the Intra-psychic phase in Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown."	"In the Intra-psychic phase, the dissatisfied partner begins to think more negatively about the relationship, focusing on their dissatisfaction and their partner's shortcomings. They weigh the pros and cons of the relationship continuing and may confide their feelings in a friend."
"What is the Dyadic phase in Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown?"	"In the Dyadic phase, the couple start to talk to each other about the relationship in a confrontational way. Discussions take place over the lack of fairness and a rethinking of the commitment to the relationship. Either the couple makes a renewed attempt to save the relationship, or will be determined to continue breaking it up."
"Explain the Social phase in Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown."	"In the Social phase, friends and family become aware of the problems, as the break-up is made public. Each partner will try to gain the support of particular friends, forming pacts in which they are supported. The blame may be attributed to one partner by the couple’s social networks."
"What happens in the Grave-dressing phase of Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown?"	"In the Grave-dressing phase, each partner creates a favourable story about why the relationship ended, for example by blaming the other partner or circumstances. Cognitive techniques are used during this phase to 'rewrite' the history of the relationship."
"What is the main criticism of Duck's original phase model of relationship breakdown?"	"The original model has been criticised as not accounting for the fluid and dynamic nature of relationship breakdown. It was seen as too linear and not reflecting the complexities of real-life relationships."
"How did Rollie and Duck (2006) attempt to address the criticism of the original model?"	"Rollie and Duck (2006) attempted to address the criticism by adding an explanation that progression from one stage to the next is not inevitable, or linear. They also added a fifth stage, the 'resurrection phase', in which ex-partners use the lessons from the ended relationship in a future relationship."
"What is the cultural bias criticism of Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown?"	"The model has been accused of cultural bias. In collectivist cultures, there may be more of a sense of obligation in the relationship, so it is less likely to end. In addition, friends and family may be more involved in the process. This means Duck’s model may not be applicable to all cultures."

Click to copy

Image

Front

Describe the first filter level in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory of romantic relationships.

Back

Image

Print Flashcards

[{"id":1631685,"front":"Describe the first filter level in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory of romantic relationships.","back":"The first filter level is social demography. This includes factors like proximity, social class, education level, occupation, religion, and ethnicity. These factors influence the likelihood of potential partners meeting in the first place and lead to 'homogamy' - forming a relationship with someone similar socially and culturally.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Social demography is the initial filter in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory, focusing on how factors such as proximity and shared social characteristics impact partner selection. This level sets the stage for individuals to meet and potentially form relationships based on similarities in social backgrounds.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631690,"front":"What is the second filter level in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory?","back":"The second filter level is similarity in attitudes. After the field of availables has been narrowed by demography, those left likely share similar values, attitudes, and beliefs. This similarity encourages deeper communication and more self-disclosure.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Similarity in attitudes is the second filter level in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory because it plays a crucial role in fostering deeper connections between individuals. This level focuses on shared values and beliefs, which are essential for meaningful communication and self-disclosure.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631701,"front":"Define the third filter level - complementarity - in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory.","back":"Complementarity is the ability of partners to meet each other's needs. A characteristic of one partner is complemented by the other. This makes relationships work as the two partners see themselves as 'fitting together' well.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Complementarity in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory emphasizes how partners fulfill each other's needs by having traits that complement one another. This mutual enhancement fosters a sense of compatibility and cohesion within the relationship, leading to a harmonious dynamic.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631703,"front":"What is the Social Exchange Theory in the context of relationships?","back":"Social Exchange Theory is an 'economic theory' of a relationship. It suggests that people in relationships wish to give and receive something, acting out of self-interest. Relationship satisfaction is judged by considering the 'rewards' and 'costs' the relationship produces, with people seeking to minimise losses and maximise rewards.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Social Exchange Theory views relationships as transactions where individuals seek to maximize benefits and minimize costs. It emphasizes the importance of reciprocity and the balance between what each partner contributes and gains in the relationship. This theory helps explain how individuals make decisions in relationships based on perceived rewards and costs.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631704,"front":"What is the 'minimax principle' in the context of the Social Exchange Theory?","back":"The 'minimax principle' refers to the idea that people seek to minimise the losses and maximise the rewards in a relationship, leading to 'profit'.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The minimax principle in Social Exchange Theory highlights how individuals aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs within relationships to achieve the best possible outcomes. This concept underscores the strategic nature of social interactions based on perceived gains and losses.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631705,"front":"What does 'Comparison level (CL)' refer to in the context of the Social Exchange Theory?","back":"Comparison level (CL) is a measure of the profit in a relationship, referring to the amount of reward a person thinks they deserve to get. It is influenced by previous relationships and social norms.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Comparison level (CL) in Social Exchange Theory is crucial as it helps individuals assess the satisfaction and fairness of their relationships. It is shaped by past experiences and societal expectations, impacting how people perceive the rewards they should receive in a relationship.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631706,"front":"Describe the concept of Comparison Level (CL) in relationship development.","back":"Comparison Level (CL) is a measure of the profit a person expects from a relationship. If a person's CL is high, they believe the relationship is worth pursuing. People with high self-esteem are more likely to have a high CL, meaning they expect greater rewards from the relationship.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Comparison Level (CL) is crucial in relationship development as it influences individuals' decisions to continue or end a relationship based on their expectations of rewards. High CL indicates optimism about relationship benefits, often linked to self-esteem levels impacting relationship satisfaction.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631707,"front":"What is the Comparison Level for Alternatives (CLalt) in relationship development?","back":"Comparison Level for Alternatives (CLalt) is a measure of profit that involves a person considering whether they would get more rewards, and fewer costs, from another relationship, or from being single. A person will remain in the relationship if they think that the current relationship will give greater profit than the alternatives.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Comparison Level for Alternatives (CLalt) is a crucial concept in relationship development as it reflects an individual's assessment of the potential benefits and drawbacks of staying in a current relationship versus pursuing other options. It influences decisions to either maintain the current relationship or seek alternatives based on the perceived outcomes.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631712,"front":"Define the four stages of relationship development according to Thibault and Kelley.","back":"The four stages are: 1) Sampling stage: exploring the rewards and costs of relationships through experimentation. 2) Bargaining stage: the beginning of a relationship, where various costs and rewards are identified through exchange and negotiation. 3) Commitment stage: costs and rewards become more predictable and the relationship becomes more stable. 4) Institutionalisation stage: the norms of the relationship are firmly established.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Thibault and Kelley's model outlines how relationships evolve from exploration to stability. It emphasizes the importance of assessing costs and rewards, negotiating terms, and establishing norms for long-term stability. Each stage builds upon the previous one, leading to a deeper connection.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631713,"front":"Explain the concept of Equity in the context of relationships.","back":"Equity refers to fairness in a relationship. It suggests that what is most important is that the level of 'profit' in a relationship is roughly equal for both partners. If it is not, then one partner overbenefits, and the other underbenefits, which may lead to resentment and anger in the 'underbenefitted' partner, threatening the relationship. If the relationship is perceived to be fair, both partners will be satisfied.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Equity in relationships is like a balance scale where both partners feel they contribute and receive equally. It's about fairness and mutual satisfaction. When one feels unfairly treated, it can strain the relationship. Achieving equity fosters harmony and contentment.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631724,"front":"What are the consequences of inequity in a relationship?","back":"If a partner invests a lot in a relationship, but gets little out of it, then they will become dissatisfied. Both the overbenefitted and underbenefitted partner will notice the inequity. The perception of inequity can change over time. To deal with the inequity, a partner may work harder to try to restore equity, or may cognitively revise their perceptions of what counts as rewards and costs, so that the relationship comes to be seen by them as equitable, even though nothing has really changed.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Inequity in a relationship can lead to dissatisfaction for the partner who feels they are investing more than they are receiving. Both partners typically recognize this imbalance, which can evolve over time. To address it, the overbenefitted partner may strive to rebalance efforts, or adjust their perception of what constitutes fairness to maintain the relationship's equilibrium.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631725,"front":"What is the main criticism of the Social Exchange Theory (SET) in the context of romantic relationships?","back":"The main criticism of SET is that it may be based on a faulty assumption that economic exchange characterises romantic relationships. It is argued that partners in a romantic relationship do not keep 'score' of who is ahead and behind on rewards and costs, weakening the prediction of SET.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Critics argue that Social Exchange Theory's focus on a tit-for-tat approach overlooks the complexity of emotions and intangible aspects in romantic relationships. This criticism suggests that reducing relationships to a transactional nature may oversimplify human interactions.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631726,"front":"How does the Equity Theory differ from the Social Exchange Theory in explaining relationship satisfaction?","back":"While the Social Exchange Theory focuses on the balance of costs and rewards in a relationship, the Equity Theory emphasizes the importance of fairness. According to the Equity Theory, what matters is not the amount of rewards and costs, but the ratio between them. A relationship is satisfying if it is perceived to be fair, even if the distribution of rewards and costs is not equal.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Equity Theory and Social Exchange Theory differ in their approach to relationship satisfaction. Social Exchange Theory emphasizes balancing costs and rewards, while Equity Theory stresses fairness. Equity Theory focuses on the ratio of rewards to costs, prioritizing perceived fairness for satisfaction.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631727,"front":"Describe the cultural differences in the link between equity and satisfaction in relationships according to Aumer-Ryan et al (2007).","back":"Aumer-Ryan et al (2007) found that those in collectivist cultures were more likely to be satisfied when overbenefitting in a relationship, whereas in individualist cultures equity was more associated with satisfaction.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Aumer-Ryan et al (2007) highlighted how cultural values influence perceptions of fairness in relationships. In collectivist cultures, harmony and group well-being may prioritize satisfaction over equity, while individualist cultures place more emphasis on fairness for relationship contentment.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631729,"front":"What is the argument of Huseman et al (1987) regarding equity in relationships?","back":"Huseman et al (1987) argue that not all people are concerned with the need for equity. Some take more satisfaction from contributing more to a relationship, whereas others are prepared to ‘overbenefit’ without guilt.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Huseman et al (1987) suggest that individuals have varying perspectives on equity in relationships. They highlight that some may find fulfillment in giving more, while others are comfortable receiving more without feeling a sense of imbalance. This nuanced view adds depth to understanding relationship dynamics.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631734,"front":"Define Rusbult’s Investment Model.","back":"Rusbult’s Investment Model suggests that commitment is an important factor in relationships, referring to the intention or desire to continue the relationship. Commitment is affected by satisfaction and comparison with alternatives, investment size, and relationship maintenance mechanisms.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Rusbult's Investment Model emphasizes commitment's role in relationships, influenced by satisfaction levels, comparison with alternatives, investment size, and efforts to maintain the relationship. It underscores how these factors shape individuals' intentions to sustain the relationship.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631735,"front":"How does the size of investment affect commitment in a relationship according to Rusbult’s Investment Model?","back":"If the size of the investment increases, along with the sense of satisfaction being seen as acceptable, each partner’s commitment to the relationship will be stronger.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"According to Rusbult's Investment Model, the level of commitment in a relationship is influenced by the size of the investment made by each partner. As investments grow, so does commitment, especially when satisfaction levels are perceived as satisfactory. This increased commitment is a result of the perceived value of the relationship and the costs associated with leaving it.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631737,"front":"How does Rusbult’s Investment Model explain why partners stay in abusive relationships?","back":"The theory can be used to explain why partners stay in abusive relationships, where the abused partner clearly cannot be satisfied. There is evidence that female victims of domestic abuse who stayed with their partner were more likely to report having invested a great deal in the relationship.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Rusbult's Investment Model suggests that individuals who have invested significant resources in a relationship, such as time, emotions, and shared experiences, may be more likely to stay, even in abusive situations. This can create a sense of commitment that outweighs the negative aspects of the relationship.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631755,"front":"What is the criticism of Rusbult’s Investment Model regarding the concept of investment?","back":"Investment may have been oversimplified in the theory. This is because in the early stages of a relationship, little investment is made by either partner, but this does not mean the relationship does not last. Therefore, investment may need to be extended to include factors such as future planning.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The criticism of Rusbult's Investment Model lies in its oversimplification of the concept of investment in relationships. Early stages may not involve significant investments, yet relationships can endure. Thus, the model could benefit from considering additional factors like future planning for a more comprehensive understanding.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631765,"front":"Describe the Intra-psychic phase in Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown.","back":"In the Intra-psychic phase, the dissatisfied partner begins to think more negatively about the relationship, focusing on their dissatisfaction and their partner's shortcomings. They weigh the pros and cons of the relationship continuing and may confide their feelings in a friend.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Intra-psychic phase is crucial as it marks the internal shift in perception towards the relationship. This phase involves introspection, evaluation of personal needs, and contemplation of the future. Sharing feelings with a friend can provide external validation and support during this critical stage.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631781,"front":"What is the Dyadic phase in Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown?","back":"In the Dyadic phase, the couple start to talk to each other about the relationship in a confrontational way. Discussions take place over the lack of fairness and a rethinking of the commitment to the relationship. Either the couple makes a renewed attempt to save the relationship, or will be determined to continue breaking it up.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"The Dyadic phase in Duck's phase model signifies a critical stage where partners engage in direct, often confrontational, conversations about their relationship. This phase involves a reassessment of commitment and fairness, leading to a pivotal decision on whether to salvage or end the relationship.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631786,"front":"Explain the Social phase in Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown.","back":"In the Social phase, friends and family become aware of the problems, as the break-up is made public. Each partner will try to gain the support of particular friends, forming pacts in which they are supported. The blame may be attributed to one partner by the couple’s social networks.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"During the Social phase of Duck's model, the couple's private issues become public, leading to the involvement of friends and family. Support alliances are formed, and blame may be assigned to one partner by the social circle. This phase marks a shift from internal to external dynamics in the relationship breakdown process.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631789,"front":"What happens in the Grave-dressing phase of Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown?","back":"In the Grave-dressing phase, each partner creates a favourable story about why the relationship ended, for example by blaming the other partner or circumstances. Cognitive techniques are used during this phase to 'rewrite' the history of the relationship.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"During the Grave-dressing phase of Duck's model, individuals tend to focus on rationalizing the end of the relationship by creating narratives that paint themselves in a positive light. This phase involves a cognitive process of reframing past events to cope with the breakup and move forward.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631791,"front":"What is the main criticism of Duck's original phase model of relationship breakdown?","back":"The original model has been criticised as not accounting for the fluid and dynamic nature of relationship breakdown. It was seen as too linear and not reflecting the complexities of real-life relationships.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Critics argue that Duck's original phase model oversimplifies the process of relationship breakdown by presenting it as a linear sequence of stages, failing to capture the complexities and nuances of real-life relationship dynamics. This criticism highlights the need for a more nuanced and flexible approach to understanding relationship dissolution.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631801,"front":"How did Rollie and Duck (2006) attempt to address the criticism of the original model?","back":"Rollie and Duck (2006) attempted to address the criticism by adding an explanation that progression from one stage to the next is not inevitable, or linear. They also added a fifth stage, the 'resurrection phase', in which ex-partners use the lessons from the ended relationship in a future relationship.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Rollie and Duck (2006) addressed criticism by introducing the idea that progression through stages is not always linear. They also included a new phase, the 'resurrection phase', emphasizing the growth and learning that can occur from past relationships in future ones.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}},{"id":1631812,"front":"What is the cultural bias criticism of Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown?","back":"The model has been accused of cultural bias. In collectivist cultures, there may be more of a sense of obligation in the relationship, so it is less likely to end. In addition, friends and family may be more involved in the process. This means Duck’s model may not be applicable to all cultures.","front_language":"English","back_language":"English","front_image":"","back_image":"","order":0,"explanation":"Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown is criticized for cultural bias due to its assumption of individualistic perspectives. In collectivist cultures, relationships are influenced by broader social networks and obligations, impacting how and why they end. This highlights the importance of considering cultural variations in relationship dynamics.","deleted_at":null,"flashcard_deck_id":"99LbU","original_id":null,"examMode":{"text":"","correct":"","incorrect":"","info":""}}]

Options

Arrange Cards

Chronological

Random

Card Direction

Front First

Back First

Share this deck

Click to copy

Delete this pack

Are you sure you want to delete this pack? This cannot be undone.

Filter Theory Flashcards

Sign Up

New Day

Current Quiz

Spaced Repetition

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️
Flashcards

🧠
Exam Mode

⏳
Spaced Repetition

🎯
Generate Quiz

Describe the first filter level in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory of romantic relationships.

Combine

Export

Front

Back

Print Flashcards

Print Type

Font Size

Rows Per Page

Options

Arrange Cards

Card Direction

Share this deck

Delete this pack

Sign Up

Filter Theory Flashcards

Sign Up

New Day

Current Quiz

Spaced Repetition

New Flashcards Per Day

🗂️ Flashcards

🧠 Exam Mode

⏳ Spaced Repetition

🎯 Generate Quiz

Describe the first filter level in Kerckhoff and Davies' Filter Theory of romantic relationships.

Combine

Export

Front

Back

Print Flashcards

Print Type

Font Size

Rows Per Page

Options

Arrange Cards

Card Direction

Share this deck

Delete this pack

Sign Up

🗂️
Flashcards

🧠
Exam Mode

⏳
Spaced Repetition

🎯
Generate Quiz